{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:37:16Z","timestamp":1791239836950,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]],"date-time":"1990-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":660009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We report here the gene expression patterns, as revealed by in situ hybridisation, of the retinoic acid receptors alpha, beta and gamma (RAR-\u03b1, -\u03b2 and -\u03b3), and the cellular binding proteins for retinol and retinoic acid (CRBP, CRABP) in non-neural tissues of mouse embryos during the period of organogenesis. At all stages, RAR-\u03b1 transcripts were almost ubiquitous, whereas the distribution of transcripts of the other four genes was distinctive in all systems. At early stages in the formation of an organ, the expression patterns were different in the epithelium, the adjacent mesenchyme, and in mesenchyme more distant from the epithelium, suggesting a role for RA and RA receptors in epithelial\u2013mesenchymal tissue interactions. In the developing face, limb bud and genital tubercle, where large expanses of mesenchyme are present, differential patterns of expression were established before the onset of overt tissue differentiation, suggesting some significance for pattern formation in these regions. The distribution of RAR-\u03b2 transcripts in tracheobronchial, intestinal and genital tract epithelia is consistent with the possibility that RAR-\u03b2 plays a role in mediating retinoid effects on the differentiated stage of these epithelia. Possible developmental roles of RARs in relation to the expression patterns of other genes are discussed. CRBP expression domains showed a high degree of overlap with RAR-\u03b2 and RAR-\u03b3, and a mutual exclusivity with CRABP expression domains. Correlation of these expression patterns with the morphogenetic effects of vitamin A deficiency and retinoid excess lead us to propose that the function of CRBP is to store and release retinol where high levels of RA are required for specific morphogenetic processes, while CRABP serves to sequester RA in regions where normal developmental functions require RA levels to be low. Where both binding protein genes are expressed in a non-overlapping pattern within a large area of mesenchyme, a gradient of free RA may be created between them by release of retinol-derived RA from CRBP-expressing cells, with binding to CRABP enhancing the steepness of the decline in concentration distant to the source.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.110.4.1133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T01:43:35Z","timestamp":1619401415000},"page":"1133-1151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":480,"title":["Retinoic acid receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins: I. A systematic study of their differential pattern of transcription during mouse organogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Pascal","family":"Doll\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 184 de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de l\u2019INSERM, Institut de Chimie Biologique 1 Laboratoire de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS , , Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg-C\u00e9dex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Ruberte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 184 de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de l\u2019INSERM, Institut de Chimie Biologique 1 Laboratoire de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS , , Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg-C\u00e9dex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Leroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 184 de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de l\u2019INSERM, Institut de Chimie Biologique 1 Laboratoire de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS , , Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg-C\u00e9dex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Morriss-Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Human Anatomy, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Chambon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 184 de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de l\u2019INSERM, Institut de Chimie Biologique 1 Laboratoire de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS , , Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg-C\u00e9dex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050312052081000_DEVELOP_110_4_1133C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.108.4.645","article-title":"TGF beta in murine morphogenetic processes: the early embryo and cardiogenesis","volume":"108","author":"Akhurst","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2023050312052081000_DEVELOP_110_4_1133C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420400210","article-title":"Retinoic acid induced limb-reduction defects: perturbation of zones of programmed cell death as a pathogenetic mechanism","volume":"40","author":"Alles","year":"1989","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"2023050312052081000_DEVELOP_110_4_1133C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.108.1.73","article-title":"Retinoic acid-induced spina bifida: evidence for a pathogenetic mechanism","volume":"108","author":"Alles","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2023050312052081000_DEVELOP_110_4_1133C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(89)90037-7","article-title":"Retinoic acid improves epidermal morphogenesis","volume":"133","author":"Asselineau","year":"1989","journal-title":"Devl Biol."},{"key":"2023050312052081000_DEVELOP_110_4_1133C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)76544-2","article-title":"Purification and partial characterization of a novel binding protein for retinoic acid from neonatal rat","volume":"263","author":"Bailey","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. biol. 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