{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:49:47Z","timestamp":1791280187270,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]],"date-time":"1991-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":675734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Macrophages are widely distributed in lymphohaemo-poietic and other tissues of the normal and diseased adult, where they play an important role in host defence and repair. Although the development of haemopoiesis has been well studied in several species, the ontogeny of the mononuclear phagocyte system remains poorly understood. We have used a highly specific mAh, F4\/80, to examine the distribution of mature macrophages in the developing mouse, with special reference to their presence in the haemopoietic microenvironment. Monocytes and macrophages were first seen in embryos on day 10 in the yolk sac and liver as well as in mesenchyme. In liver, spleen and bone marrow, there was expansion of this population associated with the initiation of haemopoietic on days 11,15 and 17, respectively. Macrophages in these sites formed part of the haemopoietic stroma and their extensively spread plasma membrane processes could be seen making intimate contacts with clusters of differentiating haemopoietic cells. F4\/80+ cells were widely dispersed in undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue in organs such as lung, kidney and gut.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Numbers of F4\/80-labefled cells increased concomitantly with organ growth and local mitoses were evident, as well as actively phagocytic macrophages. Our studies establish that macrophages are among the earliest haemopoietic cells to be produced during development and that they are relatively abundant in fetal tissues in the absence of overt inflammatory stimuli. Their distribution is correlated with the sequential migration of haemopoiesis and they constitute a prominent component of the stroma in fetal liver, spleen red pulp and bone marrow. Apart from a role in haemopoietic cellular interactions, their highly developed endocytic and biosynthetic activities suggest that macrophages contribute major undefined functions during growth, turnover and modelling of fetal tissues.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; ag, antigen; mAb, monoclonal antibody; M\u03a6, macrophage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.112.2.517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T01:55:31Z","timestamp":1619402131000},"page":"517-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Macrophages in haemopoietic and other tissues of the developing mouse detected by the monoclonal antibody F4\/80"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Lynn","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford 1 Sir William Dunn School , , South Parks Road, Oxford 0X1 3RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher F.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siamon","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford 1 Sir William Dunn School , , South Parks Road, Oxford 0X1 3RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050320421793800_DEVELOP_112_2_517C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.128.3.459","article-title":"Role of macrophages in immunological maturation","volume":"128","author":"Argyris","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. exp. 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Immun."},{"key":"2023050320421793800_DEVELOP_112_2_517C3","first-page":"309","article-title":"Macrophages and the development of immunocompetence","volume-title":"The Phagocytic Cell m Host Resistance","author":"Blaese","year":"1975"},{"key":"2023050320421793800_DEVELOP_112_2_517C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V39.6.842.842","article-title":"Embryonic origin of the mouse macrophage","volume":"39","author":"Cune","year":"1972","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023050320421793800_DEVELOP_112_2_517C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.4.1333","article-title":"Mouse macrophage haemagglutinin (sheep erythrocyte receptor) with specificity for sialylated glycoconjugates characterised by a monoclonal antibody","volume":"169","author":"Crocker","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. exp. 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Cell Set. Suppl"},{"key":"2023050320421793800_DEVELOP_112_2_517C13","first-page":"392","article-title":"Identification of erythropoietin producing cells in fetal mouse liver cultures","volume":"5","author":"Gruber","year":"1977","journal-title":"Expl Hemat."},{"key":"2023050320421793800_DEVELOP_112_2_517C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/29.4.6166661","article-title":"The use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) and unlabelled antibody (PAP) procedures","volume":"29","author":"Hsu","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"2023050320421793800_DEVELOP_112_2_517C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-5020-7_2","article-title":"The mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical localisation of antigen F4\/80","volume-title":"Mononuclear Phagocytes, Characteristics, Physiology and Function","author":"Hume","year":"1985"},{"key":"2023050320421793800_DEVELOP_112_2_517C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.97.1.253","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of macrophage-specific antigen in developing mouse retina: Phagocytosis of dying neurons and differentiation of microglial cells to form a regular array in the plexiform layers","volume":"97","author":"Hume","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. 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