{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T23:14:10Z","timestamp":1789946050306,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,1]],"date-time":"1991-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":681004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Okadaic acid (OA), a potent inhibitor of types 1 and 2A protein phosphatases, was shown recently to induce chromatin condensation and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in mouse oocytes arrested at the dictyate stage by dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX) and 12,13-phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu). We confirm these results using IBMX and another phorbol diester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and show that OA also bypasses the inhibitory effect of 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). It has been concluded that protein phosphatases 1 and\/or 2A (PP1, 2A), involved in the negative control of MPF activation, are thus operating downstream from both the protein kinase A and protein kinase C catalysed phosphorylation steps that prevent the breakdown of GV. Similar enzymatic activities are also able to counteract the general inhibition of protein phosphorylation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>However, PP1 and\/or PP2A are positively involved in the activation of pericentriolar material (PCM) into microtubule organizing centres (MTOCs). This explains the inhibitory effect of OA on spindle assembly.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Finally, OA interferes with the integrity and\/or function of actomyosin filaments. This results in a dramatic ruffling of the plasma membrane leading to the internalization of large vacuoles, the inhibition of chromosome centrifugal displacement and, consequently, the prevention of polar body extrusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.112.4.971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T01:53:53Z","timestamp":1619402033000},"page":"971-980","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Pleiotropic effect of okadaic acid on maturing mouse oocytes"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Alexandre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles 1 Laboratoire de Cytologie et Embryologie Mol\u00e9culaires , , 67 Rue des Chevaux, B-1640 Rhode-St-Genise, Belgium"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles 2 Laboratoire d\u2019Anatomie et d\u2019Embryologie Humaines , , 67 Rue des Chevaux, B-1640 Rhode-St-Genise, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Van Cauwenberge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles 1 Laboratoire de Cytologie et Embryologie Mol\u00e9culaires , , 67 Rue des Chevaux, B-1640 Rhode-St-Genise, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Tsukitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Fusijawa Pharmaceutical Company, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mulnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles 2 Laboratoire d\u2019Anatomie et d\u2019Embryologie Humaines , , 67 Rue des Chevaux, B-1640 Rhode-St-Genise, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071913321676400_DEVELOP_112_4_971C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1982.046.01.086","article-title":"Regulation of actin-myosin interactions by reversible phosphorylation of myosin and myosin kinase","volume":"46","author":"Adelstein","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Symp. quant. 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