{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:40:06Z","timestamp":1767850806305,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,8,1]],"date-time":"1992-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":712627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>It is well established that a rise in circulating thyroid hormone during the second half of chick embryo development significantly influences muscle weight gain and bone growth. We studied thyroid influence on differentiation in slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and fast posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscles of embryos rendered hypothyroid by hypophysectomy or administration of an anti-thyroid drug. The expression of native myosins and myosin light chains (MLCs) was studied by electrophoretic analysis, and the myosin heavy chain (MHC) was characterized by immunohistochemistry. The first effects of hypothyroid status were observed at day 21 of embryonic development (stage 46 according to Hamburger and Hamilton). Analysis of myosin isoform expression in PLD muscles of hypothyroid embryos showed persistence of slow migrating native myosins and slow MLCs as well as inhibition of neonatal fast MHC expression, indicating retarded differentiaton of this muscle. In ALD muscle, hypothyroidism maintained fast embryonic MHC and induced noticeable amounts of fast MLCs, thus delaying slow muscle differentiation. Our results suggest that thyroid hormones play a role in modulating the appearance of neonatal fast MHC and the disappearance of isomyosins transiently present during embryogenesis. However, T3 supplemental treatment would seem to compensate in part for the effects of hypothyroidism induced by hypophysectomy, suggesting that thyroid hormone might interfere with other factors also accounting for the observed effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.115.4.1121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T01:07:47Z","timestamp":1619399267000},"page":"1121-1131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Developmental modulation of myosin expression by thyroid hormone in avian skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"M. F.","family":"Gardahaut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 CNRS URA 1340, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssini\u00e8re, F-44072 NANTES Cedex 03, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Fontaine-Perus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 CNRS URA 1340, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssini\u00e8re, F-44072 NANTES Cedex 03, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Rouaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 CNRS URA 1340, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssini\u00e8re, F-44072 NANTES Cedex 03, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bandman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 CNRS URA 1340, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssini\u00e8re, F-44072 NANTES Cedex 03, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ferrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 CNRS URA 1340, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssini\u00e8re, F-44072 NANTES Cedex 03, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024041601261599200_DEVELOP_115_4_1121C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.95.3.763","article-title":"Immunochemical analysis of myosin heavy chain during myogenesis in vivo an in vitro","volume":"95","author":"Bader","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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