{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:56:20Z","timestamp":1791168980152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The efficient generation of striatal neurons from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is fundamental for realising their promise in disease modelling, pharmaceutical drug screening and cell therapy for Huntington's disease. GABAergic medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) are the principal projection neurons of the striatum and specifically degenerate in the early phase of Huntington's disease. Here we report that activin A induces lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) characteristics in nascent neural progenitors derived from hESCs and hiPSCs in a sonic hedgehog-independent manner. Correct specification of striatal phenotype was further demonstrated by the induction of the striatal transcription factors CTIP2, GSX2 and FOXP2. Crucially, these human LGE progenitors readily differentiate into postmitotic neurons expressing the striatal projection neuron signature marker DARPP32, both in culture and following transplantation in the adult striatum in a rat model of Huntington's disease. Activin-induced neurons also exhibit appropriate striatal-like electrophysiology in vitro. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel route for efficient differentiation of GABAergic striatal MSNs from human pluripotent stem cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.117093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T07:17:03Z","timestamp":1427181423000},"page":"1375-1386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Activin A directs striatal projection neuron differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Arber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie V.","family":"Precious","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Repair Group, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seraf\u00ed","family":"Cambray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Risner-Janiczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Repair Group, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Noakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Neurogenesis Group, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine and School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Fjodorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Neurogenesis Group, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine and School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Heuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Repair Group, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Ungless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan A.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Rosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Repair Group, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Dunnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Repair Group, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK"},{"name":"Stem Cell Neurogenesis Group, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine and School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042608254572100_DEV117093C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.80","article-title":"Activin A is essential for neurogenesis following neurodegeneration","volume":"27","author":"Abdipranoto-Cowley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2021042608254572100_DEV117093C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2986-07.2008","article-title":"Ctip2 controls the differentiation of medium spiny neurons and the establishment of the cellular architecture of the striatum","volume":"28","author":"Arlotta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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