{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:08:45Z","timestamp":1791414525563,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,1]],"date-time":"1993-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":736214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We have studied the transcript distribution of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the cytoplasmic retinoid binding proteins during embryonic development of the mouse nervous system. Of the three retinoic acid receptors, only RAR-\u03b3 was not expressed in developing neural structures. RAR-\u03b2 and RAR-\u03b1 both showed rostral limits of expression in the medulla oblongata equivalent to their patterns of expression in the neuroepithelium of the early hindbrain neural tube. Within their expression domains in the spinal cord and brain, RAR-\u03b1 was ubiquitously expressed, whereas RAR-\u03b2 transcripts showed very specific patterns of expression, suggesting that this receptor is involved in mediating retinoic acid-induced gene expression in relation to the development of specific neural structures or pathways.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The cytoplasmic binding proteins, cellular retinoic acid binding proteins type I and II (CRABP I and CRABP II) and cellular retinol binding protein type I (CRBP I), were widely distributed in developing neural structures. Their differential spatiotemporal patterns of expression suggest that fine regional control of availability of retinoic acid (RA) to the nuclear receptors plays an important role in organization and differentiation of the nervous system. For instance, expression of CRABP I in the migrating cells that give rise to the olivary and pontine nuclei, which develop abnormally in conditions of retinoid excess, is consistent with observations from a variety of other systems indicating that CRABP I limits the access of RA to the nuclear receptors in normal physiological conditions. Similarly, expression of CRBP I in the choroid plexuses, which develop abnormally in conditions of vitamin A deficiency, is consistent with observations indicating that this binding protein mediates the synthesis of RA in tissues requiring high levels of RA for their normal developmental programme. RAR-\u03b2 and CRABP II, which are both RA-inducible, were coexpressed with CRBP I in the choroid plexus and in many other sites, perhaps reflecting the fact that all three genes are RAinducible. The function of CRABP II is not well understood; its domains of expression showed overlaps with both CRABP I and CRBP I.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.1.267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T01:16:30Z","timestamp":1619399790000},"page":"267-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Retinoic acid receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins III. Their differential transcript distribution during mouse nervous system development"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Ruberte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Laboratoire de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire des Eucaryotes, CNRS, U. 184 de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, INSERM Institut de Chimie Biologique, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine 11, rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg C\u00e9dex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Friederich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Laboratoire de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire des Eucaryotes, CNRS, U. 184 de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, INSERM Institut de Chimie Biologique, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine 11, rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg C\u00e9dex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Chambon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Laboratoire de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire des Eucaryotes, CNRS, U. 184 de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, INSERM Institut de Chimie Biologique, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine 11, rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg C\u00e9dex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Morriss-Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford 2 Department of Human Anatomy , , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121722561219200_DEVELOP_118_1_267C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.108.1.73","article-title":"Retinoic acid-induced spina bifida: evidence for a pathogenic mechanism","volume":"108","author":"Alles","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024121722561219200_DEVELOP_118_1_267C2","first-page":"190","article-title":"Development of the cranial nerve ganglia and related nuclei in the rat","volume":"74","author":"Altman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv. 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