{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T02:40:04Z","timestamp":1773974404261,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]],"date-time":"1994-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":778377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We have identified a novel dominant mouse mutant that is characterised by fused toes on the fore limbs and a thymic hyperplasia, in heterozygous animals. Homozygosity of the mutation leads to malformation of the developing brain, lost of the genetic control of left-right asymmetry and to death around day 10 of development. Analysis of both limb development and induction of apoptosis in immature thymocytes in vitro suggest that programmed cell death is affected by the mutation. Since the mutation was causedvia a transgene insertion we were able to map it to the D region on mouse chromosome 8. So far, no mutation that affects programmed cell death has been mapped to this chromosome. Thus, this mutation will allow the identification of a novel gene involved in programmed cell death during mammalian development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.9.2601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T18:54:02Z","timestamp":1619204042000},"page":"2601-2607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Programmed cell death is affected in the novel mouse mutant <i>Fused toes (Ft)<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Frank van der","family":"Hoeven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, FRG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schimmang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, FRG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"Volkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 German Cancer Research Center, Tumor Immunology Programme, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg, FRG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Genevieve","family":"Mattei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Unit\u00e9 242 INSERM, Hopital d\u2019Enfants de la Timone, 13385 Marseille, Cedex 5, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Kyewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 German Cancer Research Center, Tumor Immunology Programme, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg, FRG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"R\u00fcther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, FRG"},{"name":"4 Institute for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Konstanty-Gutschowstrasse 8, 30625 Hannover, FRG"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90508-N","article-title":"bcl-x, a bcl- 2 related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death","volume":"74","author":"Boise","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00648426","article-title":"Mouse chromosome 8","volume":"3","author":"Ceci","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mammal. Genome"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.10.040192.001411","article-title":"Apoptosis and programmed cell death in immunity","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/362849a0","article-title":"Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and independent pathways","volume":"362","author":"Clarke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/342767a0","article-title":"Coordinate expression of the murine Hox-5 complex homeobox-containing genes during limb pattern formation","volume":"342","author":"Doll\u00e9","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90123-T","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein","volume":"69","author":"Evan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.10.040192.002421","article-title":"Transgenic mice and analysis of B-cell tolerance","volume":"10","author":"Goodnow","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Immunol"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.5.1239","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-mediated control of the activation and clonal deletion of peripheral T cells in vivo","volume":"177","author":"Gonzalo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(90)90173-R","article-title":"The murine situs inversus viscerum (iv) gene responsible for visceral asymmetry is linked tightly to the Igh-C cluster on chromosome 12","volume":"7","author":"Hanzlik","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0393-241","article-title":"A mouse model for Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome- the extra-toesJmutation contains an intragenic deletion of the Gli3 gene","volume":"3","author":"Hui","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature genetics"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106870","article-title":"Visceral inversion and associated anomalies in the mouse","volume":"50","author":"Hummel","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Hered"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90614-5","article-title":"The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis","volume":"66","author":"Itoh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/350585a0","article-title":"Expression of the homeobox Hox-4 genes and the specification of position in the chick wing development","volume":"350","author":"Izpisua-Belmonte","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1972.33","article-title":"Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics","volume":"26","author":"Kerr","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3109\/10520298109067325","article-title":"A rapid procedure for routine double staining of cartilage and bone in fetal and adult tissue","volume":"56","author":"Kimmel","year":"1981","journal-title":"Stain Technol"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/367281a0","article-title":"Apoptotic signals delivered through the T-cell receptor of a T- cell hybrid require the immediate-early gene nur77","volume":"367","author":"Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/362847a0","article-title":"p53 is required for radiation induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes","volume":"362","author":"Lowe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C18","volume-title":"Genetic Variants and Strains of the Laboratory Mouse. Stuttgart, Germany: Gustav Fischer Verlag","author":"Lyon","year":"1989"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/346853a0","article-title":"Disruption of formin-encoding transcripts in two mutant limb deformity alleles","volume":"346","author":"Maas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00293038","article-title":"DNA probe localization at 18p113 band by in situ hybridization and identification of a small supernumerary chromosome","volume":"69","author":"Mattei","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3406741","article-title":"Legless, a mutation in pHT1 line transgenic mice","volume":"241","author":"McNeish","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(91)90198-O","article-title":"A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry","volume":"139","author":"Nicoletti","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Med"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90509-O","article-title":"Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programed cell death","volume":"74","author":"Oltvai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.110.4.1153","article-title":"Evidence for allelism of the recessive insertional mutation add and the dominant mouse mutation extra- toes (Xt)","volume":"110","author":"Pohl","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/356397a0","article-title":"Social controls on cell survival and cell death","volume":"356","author":"Raff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830190518","article-title":"Peripheral T lymphocytes: expansion potential and homeostatic regulation of pool size and CD4\/CD8 ratio in vivo","volume":"19","author":"Rocha","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.3109\/00313028409084731","article-title":"Successive waves of apoptosis in the rat prostate after repeated withdrawal of testosterone stimulation","volume":"16","author":"Sanford","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C28","first-page":"289","article-title":"Cell Death in Morphogenesis","volume-title":"Major Problems in Developmental Biology","author":"Saunders","year":"1967"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.116.3.799","article-title":"Expression of the zinc finger gene Gli3 is affected in the morphogenetic mouse mutant extra-toes (Xt)","volume":"116","author":"Schimmang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00356560","article-title":"The mouse mutant Polydactyly Nagoya (Pdn) defines a novel allele of the zinc finger gene Gli3","volume-title":"Mammal. Genome (In press)","author":"Schimmang","year":"1994"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/363166a0","article-title":"Continuous c-fos expression precedes programmed cell death in vivo","volume":"363","author":"Smeyne","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.103.Supplement.213","article-title":"Teratogens and craniofacial malformations: relationship to cell death","volume":"103","author":"Sulik","year":"1988","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C33","first-page":"621","article-title":"Time, place and positional value in the chick limb bud","volume":"33","author":"Summerbell","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morph"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(91)90396-W","article-title":"Detection of apoptosis of immature CD4\/CD8 thymocytes by flow cytometry","volume":"137","author":"Swat","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Meth"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.1.14","article-title":"The chicken limb deformity gene encodes nuclear proteins expressed in specific cell types during development","volume":"6","author":"Trumpp","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00417435","article-title":"Molecular linkage of the morphogenetic mutation add and the zinc finger gene Gli3","volume":"4","author":"van den Hoeven","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mammal. Genome"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)80065-M","article-title":"Bcl- 2 defiecient mice demonstrate fulminant lymhoid apoptosis, polycystic kidneys, and hypopigmented hair","volume":"75","author":"Veis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90075-I","article-title":"Thymic selection: A matter of life and death","volume":"13","author":"Von Boehmer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/356314a0","article-title":"Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis","volume":"356","author":"Watanabe-Fukunaga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90002-G","article-title":"Programmed cell death: apoptosis and oncogenesis","volume":"65","author":"Williams","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(69)80016-0","article-title":"Positional information and the spatial pattern of cellular differentiation","volume":"25","author":"Wolpert","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/367277a0","article-title":"Requirement for the orphan steroid receptor in apoptosis of T-cell hybridomas","volume":"367","author":"Woronicz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/346850a0","article-title":"Formins: proteins deduced from the alternative transcripts of the limb deformity gene","volume":"346","author":"Woychik","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62312-8","article-title":"Cell death: the significance of apoptosis","volume":"68","author":"Wyllie","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8480178","article-title":"Reversal of left-right asymmetry: a situs inversus mutation","volume":"260","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024121800052815900_DEVELOP_120_9_2601C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/352345a0","article-title":"Wild-type p53 induces apoptosis of myeloid leukemic cells that is inhibited by interleukin-6","volume":"352","author":"Yonish-Rouach","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/120\/9\/2601\/3595071\/develop_120_9_2601.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/120\/9\/2601\/3595071\/develop_120_9_2601.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:05:50Z","timestamp":1734480350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article\/120\/9\/2601\/38473\/Programmed-cell-death-is-affected-in-the-novel"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.120.9.2601","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-1991","1477-9129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-1991","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,9,1]]}}}