{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1791121495326,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,7,1]],"date-time":"1995-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":804556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Strong\u2019s Luxoid (lstD) is a semidominant mouse mutation in which heterozygotes show preaxial hindlimb polydactyly, and homozygotes show fore- and hindlimb polydactyly. The digit patterns of these polydactylous limbs resemble those caused by polarizing grafts, since additional digits with posterior character are present at the anterior side of the limb. Such observations suggest that lstD limb buds might contain a genetically determined ectopic region of polarizing activity. Accordingly, we show that mutant embryos ectopically express the pattern-determining genes fibroblast growth factor 4 (fgf-4), sonic hedgehog (shh), and Hoxd-12 in the anterior region of the limb. Further, we show that anterior mesoderm from mutant limbs exhibits polarizing activity when grafted into host chicken limbs. In contrast to an experimentally derived polydactylous transgenic mouse, forelimbs of homozygotes show a normal pattern of Hoxb-8 expression, indicating that the duplication of polarizing tissue here occurs downstream or independently of Hoxb-8. We suggest that the lst gene product is involved in anteroposterior axis formation during normal limb development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.7.1971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T02:22:20Z","timestamp":1619403740000},"page":"1971-1978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Polydactylous limbs in <i>Strong\u2019s Luxoid<\/i> mice result from ectopic polarizing activity"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"David C.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Laufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cliff","family":"Tabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Leder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011514122482500_DEVELOP_121_7_1971C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.11.3339","article-title":"tProducts, genetic linkage and limb patterning activity of a murine hedgehog gene","volume":"120","author":"Chang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025011514122482500_DEVELOP_121_7_1971C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90524-X","article-title":"Ectopic expression of Hoxb-8 causes duplication of the ZPA in the forelimb and homeotic transformation of axial structures","volume":"78","author":"Charite\u2019","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025011514122482500_DEVELOP_121_7_1971C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/342767a0","article-title":"Coordinate expression of the murine Hox-5 complex homeobox-containing genes during limb pattern formation","volume":"342","author":"Doll\u00e9","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025011514122482500_DEVELOP_121_7_1971C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90627-3","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog, a member of a family of putative signaling molecules, is implicated in the regulation of CNS polarity","volume":"75","author":"Echelard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025011514122482500_DEVELOP_121_7_1971C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051100306","article-title":"Genetics and manifold effects of Strong\u2019s luxoid gene in the mouse, including its interactions with Green\u2019s luxoid and Carter\u2019s luxate genes","volume":"110","author":"Forsthoefel","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. 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