{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:26:01Z","timestamp":1791041161534,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,9,1]],"date-time":"1996-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":841536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) was initially identified as a growth factor for mononuclear phagocytes. This study examines the role of CSF-1 in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF-1 treatment of neurons cultured from embryonic brain promoted survival and process outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, CSF-1 treatment of neurons cultured from the osteopetrotic (op\/op) mouse, a null mutant for CSF-1, promoted significantly less process outgrowth, suggesting that there are neural abnormalities in op\/op animals. Nuclease protection assays were used to determine whether CSF-1 and its receptor are expressed at times appropriate to regulate neural development. Both CSF-1 and its receptor are expressed in developing mouse brain, with a unique pattern of CSF-1 mRNA splice variant expression encoding secreted, and not membrane-bound, growth factor. To determine whether brain function is altered by null mutation of CSF-1, op\/op mice were examined using electrophysiologic assays. Brainstem auditory and visual evoked potentials were both abnormal in op\/op mice. Further, intracortical recordings revealed aberrant neuronal function within visual cortex and alterations in the cortical circuitry that balances excitation and inhibition. Daily CSF-1 injection of postnatal op\/op mice largely rescued the abnormal neural phenotype, confirming that the absence of CSF-1 during development is responsible for the abnormalities. The effects of CSF-1 on cultured embryonic neural cells, the developmentally appropriate expression of CSF-1 and its receptor, and the neurological abnormalities in op\/op mice suggest a role for CSF-1 in brain development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.9.2661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T18:56:09Z","timestamp":1619204169000},"page":"2661-2672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["CSF-1 deficiency in mice results in abnormal brain development"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"M. Dror","family":"Michaelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1 Departments of Neuroscience , , 330 Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis L.","family":"Bieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine 2 Departments of Neurology , , 330 Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark F.","family":"Mehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1 Departments of Neuroscience , , 330 Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"},{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine 2 Departments of Neurology , , 330 Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1 Departments of Neuroscience , , 330 Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Arezzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1 Departments of Neuroscience , , 330 Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine 3 Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology , , 330 Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"},{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine 4 Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology , , 330 Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1 Departments of Neuroscience , , 330 Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"},{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine 2 Departments of Neurology , , 330 Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021323142365600_DEVELOP_122_9_2661C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8818","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.22.8818","article-title":"Temporal expression and location of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and its receptor in the female reproductive tract are consistent with CSF-1 regulated placental development","volume":"86","author":"Arceci","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. 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