{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T10:56:27Z","timestamp":1760784987091,"version":"3.37.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]],"date-time":"1997-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":878342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development culminates during exit from the L4-to-adult molt with the formation of an opening through the adult hypodermis and cuticle that is used for egg laying and mating. Vulva formation requires the heterochronic gene lin-29, which triggers hypodermal cell terminal differentiation during the final molt. lin-29 mutants are unable to lay eggs or mate because no vulval opening forms; instead, a protrusion forms at the site of the vulva. We demonstrate through analysis of genetic mosaics that lin-29 is absolutely required in a small subset of lateral hypodermal seam cells, adjacent to the vulva, for wild-type vulva formation and egg laying. However, lin-29 function is not strictly limited to the lateral hypodermis. First, LIN-29 accumulates in many non-hypodermal cells with known roles in vulva formation or egg laying. Second, animals homozygous for one lin-29 allele, ga94, have the vulval defect and cannot lay eggs, despite having a terminally differentiated adult lateral hypodermis. Finally, vulval morphogenesis and egg laying requires lin-29 activity within the EMS lineage, a lineage that does not generate hypodermal cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.21.4333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T03:04:41Z","timestamp":1619406281000},"page":"4333-4342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The terminal differentiation factor LIN-29 is required for proper vulval morphogenesis and egg laying in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Jill C.","family":"Bettinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 BioScience, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Euling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 BioScience, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann E.","family":"Rougvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 BioScience, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA"},{"name":"2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, 250 BioScience, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021405125908300_DEVELOP_124_21_4333C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90171-2","article-title":"A hierarchy of regulatory genes controls a larva- to-adult developmental switch in C. elegans","volume":"57","author":"Ambros","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021405125908300_DEVELOP_124_21_4333C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6494891","article-title":"Heterochronic mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"226","author":"Ambros","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025021405125908300_DEVELOP_124_21_4333C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.8.2517","article-title":"Stage-specific accumulation of the terminal differentiation factor LIN-29 during C. elegans development","volume":"122","author":"Bettinger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021405125908300_DEVELOP_124_21_4333C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/77.1.71","article-title":"The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"77","author":"Brenner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2025021405125908300_DEVELOP_124_21_4333C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81045-4","article-title":"Heterochronic genes control cell cycle progress and developmental competence of C. elegans vulva precursor cells","volume":"84","author":"Euling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021405125908300_DEVELOP_124_21_4333C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.8.2507","article-title":"Reversal of cell fate determination in Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development","volume":"122","author":"Euling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021405125908300_DEVELOP_124_21_4333C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.114.3.465","article-title":"Muscle cell attachment in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"114","author":"Francis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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