{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:37:57Z","timestamp":1791196677373,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]],"date-time":"1997-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":854755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In Drosophila, the trithorax-group and the Polycomb-group genes are necessary to maintain the expression of the homeobox genes in the appropriate segments. Loss-of-function mutations in those groups of genes lead to misexpression of the homeotic genes resulting in segmental homeotic transformations. Recently, mouse homologues of the Polycomb-group genes were identified including M33, the murine counterpart of Polycomb. In this report, M33 was targeted in mice by homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells to assess its function during development. Homozygous M33 (\u2212\/\u2212) mice show greatly retarded growth, homeotic transformations of the axial skeleton, sternal and limb malformations and a failure to expand in vitro of several cell types including lymphocytes and fibroblasts. In addition, M33 null mutant mice show an aggravation of the skeletal malformations when treated to RA at embryonic day 7.5, leading to the hypothesis that, during development, the M33 gene might play a role in defining access to retinoic acid response elements localised in the regulatory regions of several Hox genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.3.721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T04:06:00Z","timestamp":1619409960000},"page":"721-729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":234,"title":["Altered cellular proliferation and mesoderm patterning in Polycomb-M33-deficient mice"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Cor\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019immunologie INSERM-CNRS de Marseille Luminy 1 , Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019immunologie INSERM-CNRS de Marseille Luminy 1 , Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Gaunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Babraham Institute 2 , Babraham Hall, Babraham, Cambridge, CB2 4AT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Aurrand-Lions","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019immunologie INSERM-CNRS de Marseille Luminy 1 , Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Babraham Institute 2 , Babraham Hall, Babraham, Cambridge, CB2 4AT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Clinical Sciences Centre 3 , Royal Postgraduate Medical School Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malek","family":"Djabali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019immunologie INSERM-CNRS de Marseille Luminy 1 , Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021400133980500_DEVELOP_124_3_721C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/374724a0","article-title":"Transformation of axial skeleton due to overexpression of bmi-1 in transgenic mice","volume":"374","author":"Alkema","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021400133980500_DEVELOP_124_3_721C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.5.1513","article-title":"A role for mel-18, a Polycomb group-related vertebrate gene, during the anteroposterior specification of the axial skeleton","volume":"122","author":"Akasaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021400133980500_DEVELOP_124_3_721C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950170907","article-title":"Transcriptional silencing of homeotic genes in Drosophila","volume":"17","author":"Bienz","year":"1995","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"2025021400133980500_DEVELOP_124_3_721C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/353351a0","article-title":"Drosophila genes posterior sex combs and suppressor two of zeste encode proteins with homology to the murine bmi-1 oncogene","volume":"353","author":"Brunk","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021400133980500_DEVELOP_124_3_721C5","first-page":"4872","article-title":"Coordinate expression and proliferative role of HOXB genes in activated adult T lymphocytes","volume":"14","author":"Care","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. 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