{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:45:17Z","timestamp":1791143117860,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>\u03b4EF1 is a DNA binding protein containing a homeodomain and two zinc finger clusters, and is regarded as a vertebrate homologue of zfh-1 (zinc finger homeodomain-containing factor-1) in Drosophila. In the developing embryo, \u03b4EF1 is expressed in the notochord, somites, limb, neural crest derivatives and a few restricted sites of the brain and spinal cord. To elucidate the regulatory function of \u03b4EF1 in mouse embryogenesis, we generated \u03b4EF1 null mutant (\u03b4EF1null(lacZ)) mice. The \u03b4EF1null(lacZ) homozygotes developed to term, but never survived postnatally. In addition to severe T cell deficiency of the thymus, the \u03b4EF1null(lacZ) homozygotes exhibited skeletal defects of various lineages. (1) Craniofacial abnormalities of neural crest origin: cleft palate, hyperplasia of Meckel\u2019s cartilage, dysplasia of nasal septum and shortened mandible. (2) Limb defects: shortening and broadening of long bones, fusion of carpal\/tarsal bone and fusion of joints. (3) Fusion of ribs. (4) Sternum defects: split and asymmetric ossification pattern of the sternebrae associated with irregular sternocostal junctions. (5) Hypoplasia of intervertebral discs. These results indicate that \u03b4EF1 has an essential role in regulating development of these skeletal structures. Since the skeletal defects were not observed in \u03b4EF1\u0394C727 mice, \u03b4EF1 bears distinct regulatory activities which are dependent on different domains of the molecule.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.1.21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T04:08:07Z","timestamp":1619410087000},"page":"21-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":260,"title":["\u03b4EF1, a zinc finger and homeodomain transcription factor, is required for skeleton patterning in multiple lineages"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Takagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology , , Suita, Osaka 565, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Moribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology , , Suita, Osaka 565, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisato","family":"Kondoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology , , Suita, Osaka 565, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiro","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology , , Suita, Osaka 565, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90507-9","article-title":"Targeted inactivation of the muscle regulatory gene Myf-5 results in abnormal rib development and perinatal death","volume":"71","author":"Braun","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198599395.003.0003","article-title":"A comprehensive classification of homeobox genes","volume-title":"Guidebook to the Homeobox Genes","author":"B\u00fcrglin","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1996.15.643","article-title":"Alternative splicing gives rise to two isoforms of Zfhep, a zinc finger\/homeodomain protein that binds T3-response element","volume":"15","author":"Cabanillas","year":"1996","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.111.4.945","article-title":"Expression of the mouse \u03b11(II) collagen gene is not restricted to cartilage during development","volume":"111","author":"Cheah","year":"1991","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.119.3.579","article-title":"Mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of Hoxd-3 (Hox-4.1) exhibit anterior transformations of the first and second cervical vertebrae, the atlas and the axis","volume":"119","author":"Condie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.4.1175","article-title":"A mutational analysis of the 5\u2032 HoxD genes: dissection of genetic interactions during limb development in the mouse","volume":"122","author":"Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/375791a0","article-title":"Absence of radius and ulna in mice lacking hoxa-11 and hoxd-11","volume":"375","author":"Davis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90378-4","article-title":"Disruption of the Hoxd-13 gene induces localized heterochrony leading to mice with neotenic limbs","volume":"75","author":"Dolle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/342767a0","article-title":"Coordinate expression of the murine Hox-5 complex homeobox-containing genes during limb pattern formation","volume":"342","author":"Dolle","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C10","first-page":"135","article-title":"Temporal coliniarity and the phylotypic progression: a basis for the stability of a vertebrate Bauplan and the evolution of morphologies through heterochrony. Development","volume":"120","author":"Duboule","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90071-6","article-title":"splotch (Sp2H), a mutation affecting development of the mouse neural tube, shows a deletion within the paired homeodomain of Pax3","volume":"67","author":"Epstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90487-5","article-title":"Toward a molecular understanding of skeletal development","volume":"80","author":"Erlebacher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.2.449","article-title":"Functional cooperation between the non-paralogous genes Hoxa-10 and Hoxd-11 in the developing forelimb and axial skeleton","volume":"122","author":"Favier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4773(91)90048-B","article-title":"The Drosophila zfh-1 and zfh-2 genes encode novel proteins containing both zinc-finger and homeodomain motifs","volume":"34","author":"Fortini","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mech. Dev"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C15","first-page":"6773","article-title":"BZP, a novel serum-responsive zinc finger protein that inhibits gene transcription","volume":"14","author":"Franklin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.10.2997","article-title":"Hoxa-13 and Hoxd-13 play a crucial role in the patterning of the limb autopod","volume":"122","author":"Fromental-Ramain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.13.3543","article-title":"Identification of nuclear factor \u03b4EF1 and its binding site essential for lens-specific activity of the \u03b41-crystallin enhancer","volume":"19","author":"Funahashi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.119.2.433","article-title":"\u03b4-crystallin enhancer binding protein \u03b4EF1 is a zinc finger homeodomain protein implicated in postgastrulation embryogenesis","volume":"119","author":"Funahashi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90619-2","article-title":"Hoxa-2 mutant mice exhibit homeotic transformation of skeletal elements derived from cranial neural crest","volume":"75","author":"Gendron-Maguire","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00824-1","article-title":"Cloning of a cDNA encoding a mouse transcriptional repressor displaying striking conservation across vertebrates","volume":"169","author":"Genetta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C21","first-page":"6153","article-title":"Displacement of an E-box-binding repressor by basic helix-loop-helix proteins: Implication for B-cell specificity of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer","volume":"14","author":"Genetta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/364501a0","article-title":"Muscle deficiency and neonatal death in mice with a targeted mutation in the myogenin gene","volume":"364","author":"Hasty","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C23","first-page":"S163","article-title":"In situ localization and in vitro activity of BMP-13","volume":"10","author":"Hatterley","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.8.1467","article-title":"Impairment of T cell development in \u03b4EF1 mutant mice","volume":"185","author":"Higashi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C25","article-title":"Staining embryos for cartilage and bone","volume-title":"Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: a Laboratory Manual, pp.325-379","author":"Hogan","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12644","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.26.12644","article-title":"Homeotic transformation of cervical vertebrae in Hoxa-4 mutant mice","volume":"91","author":"Horan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.073_1.x","article-title":"DNA binding through distinct domains of zinc-finger-homeodomain protein AREB6 has different effects on gene transcription","volume":"233","author":"Ikeda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.11.2085","article-title":"Specification of axial identity in the mouse: role of the Hoxa-5 (Hox1.3) gene","volume":"7","author":"Jeannotte","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C29","first-page":"5206","article-title":"Overlapping positive and negative regulatory elements determine lens-specific activity of the \u03b41-crystallin enhancer","volume":"13","author":"Kamachi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.12.575","article-title":"Improved mammalian vectors for high expression of G418 resistance","volume":"12","author":"Kato","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell Struct. Func"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90510-J","article-title":"The mouse short ear skeletal morphogeneis locus is associated with defects in a bone morphogenetic member of the TGF\u03b2 superfamily","volume":"71","author":"Kingsley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1994.1037","article-title":"The expression pattern of the chick homeobox gene gMhox suggests a role in patterning of the limbs and face and in compartmentalization of somites","volume":"161","author":"Kuratani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Biol"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4773(91)90049-C","article-title":"The embryonic expression patterns of zfh-1 and zfh-2, two Drosophila genes encoding novel zinc-finger homeodomain proteins","volume":"34","author":"Lai","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mech. Dev"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.9.4122","article-title":"Loss of function of the Drosophila zfh-1 gene results in abnormal development of mesodermally derived tissues","volume":"90","author":"Lai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(96)10026-3","article-title":"Extra specificity from extradenticle; the partnership between HOX and PBX\/EXD homeodomain proteins","volume":"12","author":"Mann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.10.1237","article-title":"The paired-like homeo box gene Mhox is required for early events of skeletogenesis in multiple lineages","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.1.113","article-title":"Specific and redundant function of Gli2 and Gli3 zinc finger genes in skeletal patterning and development","volume":"124","author":"Mo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0796-284","article-title":"The molecular basis of hypodactyly (Hd): a deletion in Hoxa13 leads to arrest of digital arch formation","volume":"13","author":"Mortlock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature Genet"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8424","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.18.8424","article-title":"Derivation of completely cell culture-derived mice from early-passage embryonic stem cells","volume":"90","author":"Nagy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.3935","article-title":"ZEB, a vertebrate homologue of Drosophila Zfh-1, is a negative regulator of muscle differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Postigo","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3924","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.13.3924","article-title":"C-Myb and Ets proteins synergize to overcome transcriptional repression by ZEB","volume":"16","author":"Postigo","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90620-6","article-title":"A homeotic transformation is generated in the rostral branchial region of the head by disruption of Hoxa-2, which acts as a selector gene","volume":"75","author":"Rijli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90633-N","article-title":"Roles for the integrin VLA-4 and its counter receptor VCAM-1 in myogenesis","volume":"69","author":"Rosen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0494-348","article-title":"Msx1 deficient mice exhibit cleft palate and abnormalities of craniofacial and tooth development","volume":"6","author":"Satokata","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature Genet"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C45","first-page":"861","article-title":"Embryonic lethality resulting from disruption of both N-myc alleles in mouse zygotes","volume":"3","author":"Sawai","year":"1991","journal-title":"The New Biologist"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C46","first-page":"5692","article-title":"The \u03b4-crystallin enhancer-binding protein \u03b4EF1 is a repressor of E2-box-mediated gene activation","volume":"14","author":"Sekido","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(96)00185-0","article-title":"Organization of the gene encoding transcriptional repressor \u03b4EF1 and cross-species conservation of its domains","volume":"173","author":"Sekido","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.1997.1570355.x","article-title":"Two mechanisms in the action of repressor \u03b4EF1: binding site competition with an activator and active repression","volume-title":"Genes to Cells","author":"Sekido","year":"1997"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/368639a0","article-title":"Limb alterations in brachypodism mice due to mutations in a new menber of the TGF-beta super family","volume":"368","author":"Storm","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.12.3969","article-title":"Joint patterning defects caused by single and double mutations in members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family","volume":"122","author":"Storm","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C51","first-page":"265","volume":"51","author":"Suemori","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hoxc-9 mutant mice show anterior transformation of the vertebrae and malformation of the sternum and ribs. Mech. Dev"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.1988.00061.x","article-title":"Introduction and expression of recombinant \u03b2-galactosidase genes in cleavage stage mouse embryos","volume":"30","author":"Ueno","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C53","first-page":"1109","article-title":"The role of Pax-1 in axial skeleton development","volume":"120","author":"Wallin","year":"1994","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124267","article-title":"Transcription factors positively and negatively regulating the Na, K-ATPase \u03b11 subunit gene","volume":"114","author":"Watanabe","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biochem"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C55","first-page":"75","article-title":"Whole mount in situ hybridization of vertebrate embryos","volume-title":"In Situ Hybridization: A Practical Approach","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1992"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1840704","article-title":"Identification of a zinc finger protein that inhibits IL-2 gene expression","volume":"254","author":"Williams","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1993.1459","article-title":"A novel negative selection for homologous recombination using diphtheria toxin A fragment gene","volume":"214","author":"Yagi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem"},{"key":"2025021408525378300_DEVELOP_125_1_21C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.11.1388","article-title":"Inactivation of the myogenic bHLH gene MRF4 results in up-regulation of myogenin and rib anomalies","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genes Dev"}],"container-title":["Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/125\/1\/21\/3136164\/develop_125_1_21.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/125\/1\/21\/3136164\/develop_125_1_21.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T08:53:27Z","timestamp":1739523207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article\/125\/1\/21\/39767\/EF1-a-zinc-finger-and-homeodomain-transcription"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.125.1.21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-1991","1477-9129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-1991","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]]}}}