{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:45:05Z","timestamp":1791207905428,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]],"date-time":"1998-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":912470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We have engineered a mouse mutation that specifically deletes the C-terminal 18 amino acid sequence of the RXR\u03b1 protein. This deletion corresponds to the last helical \u03b1 structure (H12) of the ligand-binding domain (LBD), and includes the core of the Activating Domain of the Activation Function 2 (AF-2 AD core) that is thought to be crucial in mediating ligand-dependent transactivation by RXR\u03b1. The homozygous mutants (RXR\u03b1af2o), which die during the late fetal period or at birth, exhibit a subset of the abnormalities previously observed in RXR\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 mutants, often with incomplete penetrance. In marked contrast, RXR\u03b1af2o\/RXR\u03b2\u2212\/\u2212 and RXR\u03b1af2o\/RXR\u03b2\u2212\/\u2212\/RXR\u03b3\u2212\/\u2212 compound mutants display a large array of malformations, which nearly recapitulate the full spectrum of the defects that characterize the fetal vitamin A-deficiency (VAD) syndrome and were previously found in RAR single and compound mutants, as well as in RXR\u03b1\/RAR(\u03b1, \u03b2 or \u03b3) compound mutants. Analysis of RXR\u03b1af2o\/RAR(\u03b1, \u03b2 or \u03b3) compound mutants also revealed that they exhibit many of the defects observed in the corresponding RXR\u03b1\/RAR compound mutants. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of the integrity of RXR AF-2 for the developmental functions mediated by RAR\/RXR heterodimers, and hence suggest that RXR liganddependent transactivation is instrumental in retinoid signalling during development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.23.4691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T19:30:44Z","timestamp":1619206244000},"page":"4691-4707","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["The RXR\u03b1 ligand-dependent activation function 2 (AF-2) is important for mouse development"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Mascrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-INSERM-ULP-Coll\u00e8ge de France, BP163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-INSERM-ULP-Coll\u00e8ge de France, BP163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9e","family":"Dierich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-INSERM-ULP-Coll\u00e8ge de France, BP163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert B.","family":"Ghyselinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-INSERM-ULP-Coll\u00e8ge de France, BP163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Kastner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-INSERM-ULP-Coll\u00e8ge de France, BP163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Chambon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-INSERM-ULP-Coll\u00e8ge de France, BP163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023090710501455400_DEVELOP_125_23_4691C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.9.2499","article-title":"A rapid micropreparation technique for extraction of DNA-binding proteins from limiting numbers of mammalian cells","volume":"19","author":"Andrews","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2023090710501455400_DEVELOP_125_23_4691C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30765","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.51.30765","article-title":"Enhancement of HL-60 differentiation by a new class of retinoids with selective activity on retinoid X receptor","volume":"270","author":"Apfel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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