{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T23:27:26Z","timestamp":1778110046663,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]],"date-time":"1999-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":925516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>From the initial stages of axon outgrowth to the formation of a functioning synapse, neuronal growth cones continuously integrate and respond to multiple guidance cues. To investigate the role of semaphorins in the establishment of appropriate axon trajectories, we have characterized a novel secreted semaphorin in grasshopper, gSema 2a. Sema 2a is expressed in a gradient in the developing limb bud epithelium during Ti pioneer axon outgrowth. We demonstrate that Sema 2a acts as chemorepulsive guidance molecule critical for axon fasciculation and for determining both the initial direction and subsequent pathfinding events of the Ti axon projection. Interestingly, simultaneous perturbation of both secreted Sema 2a and transmembrane Sema I results in a broader range and increased incidence of abnormal Ti pioneer axon phenotypes, indicating that different semaphorin family members can provide functionally distinct guidance information to the same growth cone in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.9.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T04:04:08Z","timestamp":1619409848000},"page":"2007-2019","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Discrete roles for secreted and transmembrane semaphorins in neuronal growth cone guidance in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Carolyn M.","family":"Isbister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia 1 Program in Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy , , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 2 Department of Neuroscience , , Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunny T.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia 1 Program in Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy , , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex L.","family":"Kolodkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 2 Department of Neuroscience , , Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia 1 Program in Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy , , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023090605555896800_DEVELOP_126_9_2007C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6077","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.20.6077","article-title":"The chemorepulsive activity of secreted semaphorins is regulated by furin-dependent proteolytic processing","volume":"16","author":"Adams","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2023090605555896800_DEVELOP_126_9_2007C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/383525a0","article-title":"semaphorin III is needed for normal patterning and growth of nerves, bones and heart","volume":"383","author":"Behar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023090605555896800_DEVELOP_126_9_2007C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/304062a0","article-title":"Pioneer axons lose directed growth after selective killing of guidepost cells","volume":"304","author":"Bentley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023090605555896800_DEVELOP_126_9_2007C4","first-page":"47","article-title":"Quantitative staging of embryonic development of the grasshopper Schistocerca nitens","volume":"54","author":"Bentley","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. 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