{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:17:53Z","timestamp":1790914673301,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Germline maintenance in the nematode C. elegans requires global repressive mechanisms that involve chromatin organization. During meiosis, the X chromosome in both sexes exhibits a striking reduction of histone modifications that correlate with transcriptional activation when compared with the genome as a whole. The histone modification spectrum on the X chromosome corresponds with a lack of transcriptional competence, as measured by reporter transgene arrays. The X chromosome in XO males is structurally analogous to the sex body in mammals, contains a histone modification associated with heterochromatin in other species and is inactivated throughout meiosis. The synapsed X chromosomes in hermaphrodites also appear to be silenced in early meiosis, but genes on the X chromosome are detectably expressed at later stages of oocyte meiosis. Silencing of the sex chromosome during early meiosis is a conserved feature throughout the nematode phylum, and is not limited to hermaphroditic species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.2.479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T13:23:10Z","timestamp":1619356990000},"page":"479-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":295,"title":["X-chromosome silencing in the germline of<i>C. elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"William G.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Schaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby F.","family":"Dernburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road MS-84-171 and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Villeneuve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Reinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CN 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042511423909300_ALBERTSON-ETAL-1997","unstructured":"Albertson, D. G., Rose, A. M. and Villeneuve, A. M. (1997). Chromosome, mitosis, and meiosis. In C. elegans II (ed. D. Riddle, T. Blumenthal, B. Meyer and J. Priess), pp. 335-359 Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Press."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_AYOUB-ETAL-1997","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayoub, N., Richler, C. and Wahrman, J. (1997). Xist RNA is associated with the transcriptionally inactive XY body in mammalian male meiosis. Chromosoma106, 1-10.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004120050218"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_BAILEY-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey, J. A., Carrel, L., Chakravarti, A. and Eichler, E. E. (2000). Molecular evidence for a relationship between LINE-1 elements and X chromosome inactivation: the Lyon repeat hypothesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA97, 6634-6639.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.12.6634"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_BANNISTER-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bannister, A. J., Zegerman, P., Partridge, J. F., Miska, E. A., Thomas, J. O., Allshire, R. C. and Kouzarides, T. (2001). Selective recognition of methylated lysine 9 on histone H3 by the HP1 chromo domain. Nature410, 120-124.","DOI":"10.1038\/35065138"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_BRENNER-1974","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brenner, S. (1974). The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics77, 71-94.","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/77.1.71"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_BRIGGS-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briggs, S. D., Bryk, M., Strahl, B. D., Cheung, W. L., Davie, J. K., Dent, S. Y. R., Winston, F. and Allis, C. D. (2001). Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation is mediated by Set1 and required for cell growth and rDNA silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev. (in press).","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.940201"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_BROVERMAN-AND-MENEELY-1994","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broverman, S. A. and Meneely, P. M. (1994). Meiotic mutants that cause a polar decrease in recombination on the X chromosome in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics136, 119-127.","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/136.1.119"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_CARREL-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrel, L., Cottle, A. A., Coglin, K. C. and Willard, H. F. (1999). A first-generation X-inactivation profile of the human X chromosome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA96, 14440-14444.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.25.14440"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_CLAYTON-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clayton, A. L., Rose, S., Barratt, M. J. and Mahadevan, L. C. (2000). Phosphoacetylation of histone H3 on c-fos- and c-jun-associated nucleosomes upon gene activation. EMBO J. 19, 3714-3726.","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.14.3714"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_DAHMUS-1996","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahmus, M. E. (1996). Reversible phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 19009-19012.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.32.19009"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_DERNBURG-AND-SEDAT-1998","unstructured":"Dernburg, A. F. and Sedat, J. W. (1998). Mapping three-dimensional chromosome architecture in situ. Methods Cell Biol.53, 187-233."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_GARVIN-ETAL-1998","unstructured":"Garvin, C., Holdeman, R. and Strome, S. (1998). The phenotype of mes-2, mes-3, mes-4, and mes-6, maternal effect genes required for the survival of the germline in C. elegans, is sensitive to chromosome dosage. Genetics148, 167-185."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_GERASIMOVA-AND-CORCES-1996","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerasimova, T. I. and Corces, V. G. (1996). Boundary and insulator elements in chromosomes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev.6, 185-192.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(96)80049-9"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_GREWAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grewal, S. I. S. (2000). Transcriptional silencing in fission yeast. J. Cell. Physiol. 184, 311-318.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4652(200009)184:3<311::AID-JCP4>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_GOLDSTEIN-1982","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldstein, P. (1982). The synaptonemal complexes of Caenorhabditis elegans: pachytene karyotype analysis of male and hermaphrodite wild-type and him mutants. Chromosoma86, 577-593.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00330128"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_HANDEL-AND-HUNT-1992","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Handel, M. A. and Hunt, P. A. (1992). Sex chromosome pairing and activity during mammalian meiosis. BioEssays14, 817-822.","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950141205"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_HENDERSON-1964","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henderson, S. A. (1964). RNA synthesis during male meiosis and spermiogenesis. Chromosoma15, 345-366.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00368137"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_HERMAN-ETAL-1982","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herman, R. K., Kari, C. K. and Hartman, P. S. (1982). Dominant X-chromosome nondisjunction mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics102, 379-400.","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/102.3.379"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_HOLDEMAN-ETAL-1998","unstructured":"Holdeman, R., Nehrt, S. and Strome, S. (1998). MES-2, a maternal protein essential for viability of the germline in C. elegans, is homologous to a Drosophila Polycomb group protein. Development125, 2457-2467."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_HOWE-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howe, M., McDonald, K. L., Albertson, D. G. and Meyer, B. J. (2001). HIM-10 is required for kinetochore structure and function on Caenorhabditis elegans holocentric chromosomes. J. Cell Biol.153, 1227-1238.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.6.1227"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_HUBBARD-AND-GREENSTEIN-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hubbard, E. J. and Greenstein, D. (2000). The Caenorhabditis elegans gonad: a test tube for cell and developmental biology. Dev. Dyn.218, 2-22.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(200005)218:1<2::AID-DVDY2>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_JEDRUSIK-AND-SCHULZE-2001","unstructured":"Jedrusik, M. A. and Schulze, E. (2001). A single histone H1 isoform (H1.1) is essential for chromatin silencing and germline development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development128, 1069-1080."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_JENUWEIN-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jenuwein, T. (2001). Re-SET-ting heterochromatin by histone methyltransferases. Trends Cell Biol. 11, 266-273.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(01)02001-3"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_JENUWEIN-AND-ALLIS-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jenuwein, T. and Allis, C. D. (2001). Translating the histone code. Science293, 1074-1080.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063127"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_JONES-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones A. R., Francis R. and Schedl, T. (1996). GLD-1, a cytoplasmic protein essential for oocyte differentiation, shows stage- and sex-specific expression during Caenorhabditis elegans germline development. Dev. Biol.180, 165-183.","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0293"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_KELLY-AND-FIRE-1998","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, W. G. and Fire, A. (1998). Chromatin silencing and the maintenance of a functional germline in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development125, 2451-2456.","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.13.2451"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_KELLY-ETAL-1997","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, W. G., Xu, S. Q., Montgomery, M. M. and Fire, A. (1997). Distinct requirements for somatic and germline expression of a generally expressed Caenorhabditis elegans gene. Genetics146, 227-238.","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/146.1.227"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_KENNISON-1995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennison, J. A. (1995). The polycomb and trithorax group proteins of Drosophila: Trans-regulators of homeotic gene function. Annu. Rev. Genet.29, 289-303.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.29.120195.001445"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_KIM-ETAL-1997","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, E., Du, L., Bregman, D. B. and Warren, S. L. (1997). Splicing factors associate with hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II in the absence of pre-mRNA. J. Cell Biol.136, 19-28.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.136.1.19"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_KORF-ETAL-1998","unstructured":"Korf, I., Fan, Y. and Strome, S. (1998). The polycomb group in C. elegans and the maternal control of germline development. Development125, 2469-2478."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_KUWABARA-ETAL-2000","unstructured":"Kuwabara, P. E., Lee, M. H., Schedl, T. and Jefferis, G. S. (2000). A C. elegans patched gene, ptc-1, functions in germ-line cytokinesis. Genes Dev.14, 1933-1944."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_LACHNER-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lachner, M., O\u2019Carroll, D., Rea, S., Mechtler, K. and Jenuwein, T. (2001). Methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 creates a binding site for HP1 proteins. Nature410, 116-120.","DOI":"10.1038\/35065132"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_LEE-AND-SCHEDL-2001","unstructured":"Lee, M.-H. and Schedl, T. (2001). Identification of in vivo mRNA targets of GLD-1, a maxi-KH motif containing protein required for C. elegans germ cell development. Genes Dev. (in press)."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_LIEB-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lieb, J. D., Capowski, E. E., Meneely, P. and Meyer, B. J. (1996). DPY-26, a link between dosage compensation and meiotic chromosome segregation in the nematode. Science274, 1732-1736.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5293.1732"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_MCKEE-AND-HANDEL-1993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKee, B. D. and Handel, M. A. (1993). Sex chromosomes, recombination, and chromatin conformation. Chromosoma102, 71-80.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00356023"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_MCKEE-AND-KARPEN-1990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKee, B. D. and Karpen, G. H. (1990). Drosophila ribosomal RNA genes function as an X-Y pairing site during male meiosis. Cell61, 61-72.","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90215-Z"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_MEYER-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer, B. J. (2000). Sex in the worm: counting and compensating X-chromosome dose. Trends Genet.16, 247-253.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)02004-7"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_MEYER-1960","unstructured":"Meyer, G. F. (1960). The fine structure of spermatocyte nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster. Proceedings of the European Regional Conference on Electron Microscopy (ed. A. L. Houwink and B. J. Spit), Delft, The Netherlands: Nederlandse Vereiging voor Electroninmicroscopie."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_MOTZKUS-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motzkus, D., Singh, P. B. and Hoyer-Fender, S. (1999). M31, a murine homologue of Drosophila HP1, is concentrated in the XY body during spermatogenesis. Cytogenet. Cell. Genet. 86, 83-88.","DOI":"10.1159\/000015418"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_NAKAYAMA-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakayama, J.-I., Rice, J. C., Strahl, B. D, Allis, C. D. and Grewal, S. I. S. (2001). Role of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in epigenetic control of heterochromatin assembly. Science292, 110-113.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1060118"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_ORSQUOCARROLL-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Carroll, D., Scherthan, H., Peters, A. H., Opravil, S., Haynes, A. R., Laible, G., Rea, S., Schmid, M., Lebersorger, A., Jerratsch, M. et al. (2000). Isolation and characterization of Suv39h2, a second histone H3 methyltransferase gene that displays testis-specific expression. Mol. Cell Biol.20, 9423-9433.","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.24.9423-9433.2000"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_PETERS-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters, A. H. F. M., O\u2019Caroll, D., Scherthan, H., Mechtler, K., Sauer, S., Scho\u0308fer, C., Weipoltshammer, K., Pagani, M., Lachner, M., Kohlmaier, A., Opravil, S., Doyle, M., Sibilia, M. and Jenuwein, T. (2001). Loss of the Suv39h histone methyltransferases impairs mammalian heterochromatin and genome stability. Cell107, 323-337.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00542-6"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_PIANO-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piano, F., Schetter, A. J., Mangone, M., Stein, L. and Kemphues, K. J. (2000). RNAi analysis of genes expressed in the ovary of Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr. Biol.10, 1619-1622.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00869-1"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_REA-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rea, S., Eisenhaber, F., O\u2019Carroll, D., Strahl, B. D., Sun, Z. W., Schmid, M., Opravil, S., Mechtler, K., Ponting, C. P., Allis, C. D. and Jenuwein, T. (2000). Regulation of chromatin structure by site-specific histone H3 methyltransferases. Nature406, 593-599.","DOI":"10.1038\/35020506"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_REINKE-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinke, V., Smith, H. E., Nance, J., Wang, J., Van Doren, C., Begley, R., Jones, S. J. M., Davis, E. B., Scherer, S., Ward, S. and Kim, S. K. (2000). A global profile of germline gene expression in C. elegans. Mol. Cell6, 605-616.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)00059-9"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_SCHEDL-1997","unstructured":"Schedl, T. (1997). Germ-line development. In C. elegans II (ed. D. Riddle, T. Blumenthal, B. Meyer and J. Priess), pp. 241-269. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Press."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_SCHISA-ETAL-2001","unstructured":"Schisa, J. A., Pitt, J. N. and Priess, J. R. (2001). Analysis of RNA associated with P-gransules in germ cells of C. elegans adults. Development128, 1287-1298."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_SEYDOUX-AND-FIRE-1994","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seydoux, G. and Fire, A. (1994). Soma-germline asymmetry in the distributions of embryonic RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development120, 2823-2834.","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.10.2823"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_SEYDOUX-AND-DUNN-1997","unstructured":"Seydoux, G. and Dunn, M. A. (1997). Transcriptionally-repressed germ cells lack a subpopulation of phosphorylated RNA polymerase II in early embryos of C. elegans and D. melanogaster. Development124, 2191-2201."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_SOLARI-1974","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solari, A. J. (1974). The behavior of the XY pair in mammals. Int. Rev. Cytol.38, 273-317.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)60928-6"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_STARCK-1977","unstructured":"Starck, J. (1977). Radiographic study of RNA synthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans (Bergerac variety) oogenesis. Biol. Cell30, 181-182."},{"key":"2021042511423909300_STINCHCOMB-ETAL-1985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stinchcomb, D. T., Shaw, J. E., Carr, S. H. and Hirsh, D. (1985). Extrachromosomal DNA transformation of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 3484-3496.","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.5.12.3484"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_STRAHL-AND-ALLIS-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strahl, B. D. and Allis, C. D. (2000). The language of covalent histone modifications. Nature403, 41-45.","DOI":"10.1038\/47412"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_STRAHL-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strahl, B. D., Ohba, R., Cook, R. G., and Allis, C. D. (1999). Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 is highly conserved and correlates with transcriptionally active nuclei in Tetrahymena. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA96, 14967-14972.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.26.14967"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_STROME-AND-WOOD-1983","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strome, S. and Wood, W. B. (1983). Generation of asymmetry and segregation of germ-line granules in early C. elegans embryos. Cell35, 15-25.","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90203-9"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_SUDBRAK-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudbrak, R., Wieczorek, G., Nuber, U. A., Mann, W., Kirchner, R., Erdogan, F., Brown, C. J., Wohrle, D., Sterk, P., Kalscheuer, V. M., Berger, W., Lehrach, H., Ropers, H. H. (2001). X chromosome-specific cDNA arrays: identification of genes that escape from X-inactivation and other applications. Hum. Mol. Genet.10, 77-83.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.1.77"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_TURNER-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner, J. M., Mahadevaiah, S. K., Benavente, R., Offenberg, H. H., Heyting, C. and Burgoyne, P. S. (2000). Analysis of male meiotic \u2018sex body\u2019 proteins during XY female meiosis provides new insights into their functions. Chromosoma109, 426-432.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004120000097"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_WANG-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, P. J., McCarrey, J. R., Yang, F. and Page, D. C. (2001). An abundance of X-linked genes expressed in spermatogonia. Nat. Genet. 27, 422-426.","DOI":"10.1038\/86927"},{"key":"2021042511423909300_WYLIE-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wylie, C. (1999). Germ cells. Cell96, 165-174.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80557-7"}],"container-title":["Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/129\/2\/479\/1141095\/479.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/129\/2\/479\/1141095\/479.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]],"date-time":"2022-12-25T11:27:48Z","timestamp":1671967668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article\/129\/2\/479\/17991\/X-chromosome-silencing-in-the-germline-of-C"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,15]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.129.2.479","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9129","0950-1991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9129","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0950-1991","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,15]]}}}