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Here, we compare the growth patterns and orientations for two very different fruit shapes in the Brassicaceae: the heart-shaped Capsella rubella silicle and the near-cylindrical Arabidopsis thaliana silique. We show, through a combination of clonal and morphological analyses, that the different shapes involve different patterns of anisotropic growth during three phases. These experimental data can be accounted for by a tissue-level model in which specified growth rates vary in space and time and are oriented by a proximodistal polarity field. The resulting tissue conflicts lead to deformation of the tissue as it grows. The model allows us to identify tissue-specific and temporally specific activities required to obtain the individual shapes. One such activity may be provided by the valve-identity gene FRUITFULL, which we show through comparative mutant analysis to modulate fruit shape during post-fertilisation growth of both species. Simple modulations of the model presented here can also broadly account for the variety of shapes in other Brassicaceae species, thus providing a simplified framework for fruit development and shape diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.135327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]],"date-time":"2016-09-13T11:22:26Z","timestamp":1473765746000},"page":"3394-3406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Fruit shape diversity in the Brassicaceae is generated by varying patterns of anisotropy"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Tilly","family":"Eldridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. 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