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We employed confocal imaging in combination with 3D analysis to identify and quantify dynamic changes to the luminal structure of murine uterus in preparation for implantation. When applied to mouse mutants with known implantation defects, this method detected striking peri-implantation abnormalities in uterine morphology that cannot be visualized by histology. We revealed 3D organization of uterine glands and found that they undergo a stereotypical reorientation concurrent with implantation. Furthermore, we extended this technique to generate a 3D rendering of the cycling human endometrium. Analyzing the uterine and embryo structure in 3D for different genetic mutants and pathological conditions will help uncover novel molecular pathways and global structural changes that contribute to successful implantation of an embryo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.144386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T21:54:09Z","timestamp":1478901249000},"page":"4749-4754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Insights from imaging the implanting embryo and the uterine environment in three dimensions"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Ripla","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco 1 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA"},{"name":"Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco 2 Department of Obstetrics , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Fries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Imaging Development Center, University of California 3 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Oelerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco 1 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Marchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Imaging Development Center, University of California 3 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalida","family":"Sabeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco 1 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda C.","family":"Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco 2 Department of Obstetrics , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4930-0560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana J.","family":"Laird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco 1 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA"},{"name":"Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco 2 Department of Obstetrics , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2024061213155367500_DEV144386C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modgep.2004.08.006","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of Foxa1 and Foxa2 in mouse embryos and adult tissues","volume":"5","author":"Besnard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gene Expr. 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