{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:30:58Z","timestamp":1790641858023,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":978,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001220","name":"Medical Advances Without Animals Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001061","name":"Rebecca L. 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However, the molecular events responsible for these different forms of cataract are ill-defined, and the advent of modern cataract surgery in the 1960s virtually eliminated access to human lenses for research. Here, we demonstrate large-scale production of light-focusing human micro-lenses from spheroidal masses of human lens epithelial cells purified from differentiating pluripotent stem cells. The purified lens cells and micro-lenses display similar morphology, cellular arrangement, mRNA expression and protein expression to human lens cells and lenses. Exposing the micro-lenses to the emergent cystic fibrosis drug Vx-770 reduces micro-lens transparency and focusing ability. These human micro-lenses provide a powerful and large-scale platform for defining molecular disease mechanisms caused by cataract risk factors, for anti-cataract drug screening and for clinically relevant toxicity assays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.155838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T20:20:35Z","timestamp":1515529235000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Light-focusing human micro-lenses generated from pluripotent stem cells model lens development and drug-induced cataract\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University 1 , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University 2 Medical Sciences Research Group , , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Humayun","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University 1 , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University 2 Medical Sciences Research Group , , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"},{"name":"Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute 3 , Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarini","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University 1 , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University 2 Medical Sciences Research Group , , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele E.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University 1 , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University 2 Medical Sciences Research Group , , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chitra U.","family":"Dewi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University 1 , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University 2 Medical Sciences Research Group , , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seakcheng","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University 1 , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University 2 Medical Sciences Research Group , , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute 3 , Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 , Australia"},{"name":"St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales 4 , Sydney, NSW 2010 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djordje","family":"Djordjevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute 3 , Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 , Australia"},{"name":"St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales 4 , Sydney, NSW 2010 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray C.","family":"Killingsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingham Institute 5 Electron Microscopy Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology and Correlative Microscopy Facility , , Liverpool, NSW 2170 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua W. K.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute 3 , Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 , Australia"},{"name":"St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales 4 , Sydney, NSW 2010 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Harman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University 1 , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University 2 Medical Sciences Research Group , , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4883-1706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University 1 , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"},{"name":"Western Sydney University 2 Medical Sciences Research Group , , Campbelltown, NSW 2560 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024061216114843600_DEV155838C1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Light microscopic variation of fiber cell size, shape and ordering in the equatorial plane of bovine and human lenses","volume":"3","author":"Al-Ghoul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. 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