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Nearly 45% of patients have variants associated with known diseases but the unsolved cases remain a conundrum. Moreover, causative mutations can be difficult to pinpoint because variants frequently map to genes with no previous disease associations and, often, only one or a few patients with variants in the same gene are identified. Model organisms, such as Drosophila, can help to identify and characterize these new disease-causing genes. Importantly, Drosophila allow quick and sophisticated genetic manipulations, permit functional testing of human variants, enable the characterization of pathogenic mechanisms and are amenable to drug tests. In this Spotlight, focusing on microcephaly as a case study, we highlight how studies of human genes in Drosophila have aided our understanding of human genetic disorders, allowing the identification of new genes in well-established signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.191411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T10:40:10Z","timestamp":1601289610000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Using\n                    <i>Drosophila<\/i>\n                    to drive the diagnosis and understand the mechanisms of rare human diseases"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4825-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nichole","family":"Link","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (MHG), BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5992-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo J.","family":"Bellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (MHG), BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, USA"},{"name":"Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042700591189100_DEV191411C1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing to diagnose suspected genetic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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