{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:25:13Z","timestamp":1783657513961,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOP-123536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-123536"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005247","name":"University of British Columbia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["41870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the face, symmetry is established when bilateral streams of neural crest cells leave the neural tube at the same time, follow identical migration routes and then give rise to the facial prominences. However, developmental instability exists, particularly surrounding the steps of lip fusion. The causes of instability are unknown but inability to cope with developmental fluctuations are a likely cause of congenital malformations, such as non-syndromic orofacial clefts. Here, we tracked cell movements over time in the frontonasal mass, which forms the facial midline and participates in lip fusion, using live-cell imaging of chick embryos. Our mathematical examination of cell velocity vectors uncovered temporal fluctuations in several parameters, including order\/disorder, symmetry\/asymmetry and divergence\/convergence. We found that treatment with a Rho GTPase inhibitor completely disrupted the temporal fluctuations in all measures and blocked morphogenesis. Thus, we discovered that genetic control of symmetry extends to mesenchymal cell movements and that these movements are of the type that could be perturbed in asymmetrical malformations, such as non-syndromic cleft lip.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This article has an associated \u2018The people behind the papers\u2019 interview.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.193755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T12:50:29Z","timestamp":1616503829000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Symmetry and fluctuation of cell movements in neural crest-derived facial mesenchyme"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Danescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth G.","family":"Rens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, 1986 Mathematics Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaspreet","family":"Rehki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnathan","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Akazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2233-690X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah","family":"Edelstein-Keshet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, 1986 Mathematics Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1409-8163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joy M.","family":"Richman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021051821374488400_DEV193755C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24338","article-title":"Recent insights into the morphological diversity in the amniote primary and secondary palates","volume":"244","author":"Abramyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. 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