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Here, we demonstrate that the sexual fate of tilapia germline is determined by the antagonistic interaction of dmrt1 and foxl3, which are transcriptionally repressed in male and female germ cells, respectively. Loss of dmrt1 rescued the germ cell sex reversal in foxl3\u03947\/\u03947 XX fish, and loss of foxl3 partially rescued germ cell sex reversal but not somatic cell fate in dmrt1\u03945\/\u03945 XY fish. Interestingly, germ cells lost sexual plasticity in dmrt1\u03945\/\u03945 XY and foxl3\u03947\/\u03947 XX single mutants, as aromatase inhibitor (AI) and estrogen treatment failed to rescue the respective phenotypes. However, recovery of germ cell sexual plasticity was observed in dmrt1\/foxl3 double mutants. Importantly, mutation of somatic cell-specific foxl2 resulted in testicular development in foxl3\u03947\/\u03947 or dmrt1\u03945\/\u03945 mutants. Our findings demonstrate that sexual plasticity of germ cells relies on the presence of both dmrt1 and foxl3. The existence of dmrt1 and foxl3 allows environmental factors to influence the sex fate decision in vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.199380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T10:05:11Z","timestamp":1616148311000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Germline sexual fate is determined by the antagonistic action of <i>dmrt1<\/i> and <i>foxl3\/foxl2<\/i> in tilapia"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4397-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengfei","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2225-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6656-4832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueyan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0507-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-6616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yibing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8861-7037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8773-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesheng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8845-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoyue","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4967-524X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deshou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0880-2783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042815444087100_DEV199380C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.22382","article-title":"The molecular genetics of avian sex determination and its manipulation","volume":"51","author":"Ayers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"2021042815444087100_DEV199380C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000447611","article-title":"Foxl2 and its relatives are 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