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Recent studies suggest that fetal development is affected by maternal conditions through microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of short noncoding RNAs. Here, we show that miR-129-5p and miR-340-5p suppress cell proliferation in both primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells and O9-1 cells, a neural crest cell line, through the regulation of Sox5 and Trp53 by miR-129-5p, and the regulation of Chd7, Fign and Tgfbr1 by miR-340-5p. Notably, miR-340-5p, but not miR-129-5p, was upregulated following all-trans retinoic acid (atRA; tretinoin) administration, and a miR-340-5p inhibitor rescued the cleft palate (CP) phenotype in 47% of atRA-induced CP mice. We have previously reported that a miR-124-3p inhibitor can also partially rescue the CP phenotype in atRA-induced CP mouse model. In this study, we found that a cocktail of miR-124-3p and miR-340-5p inhibitors rescued atRA-induced CP with almost complete penetrance. Taken together, our results suggest that normalization of pathological miRNA expression can be a preventive intervention for CP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.200476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T12:20:17Z","timestamp":1649938817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Suppression of microRNA 124-3p and microRNA 340-5p ameliorates retinoic acid-induced cleft palate in mice"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0977-434X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA"},{"name":"Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3163-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA"},{"name":"Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Iwaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA"},{"name":"Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3975-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junichi","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA"},{"name":"Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA"},{"name":"MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022050310225235200_DEV200476C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6866.107984","article-title":"Conditional deletion of the human ortholog gene Dicer1 in Pax2-Cre expression domain impairs orofacial development","volume":"18","author":"Barritt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. 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