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Here, we generated PFN4-deficient mice, with sperm displaying severe impairment in manchette formation. Interestingly, HOOK1 staining suggests that the perinuclear ring is established; however, ARL3 staining is disrupted, suggesting that lack of PFN4 does not interfere with the formation of the perinuclear ring and initial localization of HOOK1, but impedes microtubular organization of the manchette. Furthermore, amorphous head shape and flagellar defects were detected, resulting in reduced sperm motility. Disrupted cis- and trans-Golgi networks and aberrant production of proacrosomal vesicles caused impaired acrosome biogenesis. Proteomic analysis showed that the proteins ARF3, SPECC1L and FKBP1, which are involved in Golgi membrane trafficking and PI3K\/AKT pathway, are more abundant in Pfn4\u2212\/\u2212 testes. Levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR were elevated, whereas AMPK level was reduced, consistent with inhibition of autophagy. This seems to result in blockage of autophagic flux, which could explain the failure in acrosome formation. In vitro fertilization demonstrated that PFN4-deficient sperm is capable of fertilizing zona-free oocytes, suggesting a potential treatment for PFN4-related human infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.200499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T13:46:56Z","timestamp":1660225616000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["PFN4 is required for manchette development and acrosome biogenesis during mouse spermiogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Naila","family":"Umer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn 1 Department of Developmental Pathology , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharang","family":"Phadke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn 1 Department of Developmental Pathology , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Shakeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology 2 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"},{"name":"University of Bonn 2 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics 3 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"},{"name":"University of Bonn 3 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn 1 Department of Developmental Pathology , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keerthika","family":"Lohanadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn 4 , 53121 Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Kirfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn 4 , 53121 Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4275-0200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Sylvester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 5 Core Facility Mass Spectrometry , , Medical Faculty , , 53115 Bonn , Germany"},{"name":"University of Bonn 5 Core Facility Mass Spectrometry , , Medical Faculty , , 53115 Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Buness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology 2 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"},{"name":"University of Bonn 2 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics 3 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"},{"name":"University of Bonn 3 , Medical Faculty , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8272-0076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hubert","family":"Schorle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn 1 Department of Developmental Pathology , , 53127 Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082209290216000_DEV200499C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.08.015","article-title":"ARL3 mutations cause Joubert syndrome by disrupting ciliary protein composition","volume":"103","author":"Alkanderi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. 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