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However, evidence for this role comes from studies in the fetal ovary, where germ cell differentiation and meiotic initiation are temporally inseparable. In the postnatal testis, these events are separated by more than 1\u2005week. Exploiting this difference, we discovered that, although RA is required for spermatogonial differentiation, it is dispensable for the subsequent initiation, progression and completion of meiosis. Indeed, in the absence of RA, the meiotic transcriptome program in both differentiating spermatogonia and spermatocytes entering meiosis was largely unaffected. Instead, transcripts encoding factors required during spermiogenesis were aberrant during preleptonema, and the subsequent spermatid morphogenesis program was disrupted such that no sperm were produced. Taken together, these data reveal a RA-independent model for male meiotic initiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.201638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T10:42:24Z","timestamp":1687516944000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Retinoic acid is dispensable for meiotic initiation but required for spermiogenesis in the mammalian testis"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Kirsanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Greenville, NC 27858 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Greenville, NC 27858 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan A.","family":"Niedenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Greenville, NC 27858 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor N.","family":"Malachowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Greenville, NC 27858 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Greenville, NC 27858 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2 Epigenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory , , Durham, NC 27709 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad","family":"Lackford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2 Epigenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory , , Durham, NC 27709 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2 Epigenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory , , Durham, NC 27709 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anukriti","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio 3 Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology , , San Antonio, TX 78249 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 4 Department of Genetics , , Piscataway, NJ 08854 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian P.","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio 3 Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology , , San Antonio, TX 78249 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2 Epigenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory , , Durham, NC 27709 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2974-3871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Geyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Greenville, NC 27858 , USA"},{"name":"East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute at East Carolina University 5 , Greenville, NC 27834 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071311253298600_DEV201638C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14976","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807297105","article-title":"Stra8 and its inducer, retinoic acid, regulate meiotic initiation in both spermatogenesis and oogenesis in mice","volume":"105","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. 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