{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:01:47Z","timestamp":1753884107926,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008893","name":"University of Iowa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pharyngeal endoderm cells undergo convergence and extension (C&amp;E), which is essential for endoderm pouch formation and craniofacial development. Our previous work implicates G\u03b113\/RhoA-mediated signaling in regulating this process, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we have used endoderm-specific transgenic and G\u03b113 mutant zebrafish to demonstrate that G\u03b113 plays a crucial role in pharyngeal endoderm C&amp;E by regulating RhoA activation and E-cadherin expression. We showed that during C&amp;E, endodermal cells gradually establish stable cell-cell contacts, acquire apical-basal polarity and undergo actomyosin-driven apical constriction, which are processes that require G\u03b113. Additionally, we found that G\u03b113-deficient embryos exhibit reduced E-cadherin expression, partially contributing to endoderm C&amp;E defects. Notably, interfering with RhoA function disrupts spatial actomyosin activation without affecting E-cadherin expression. Collectively, our findings identify crucial cellular processes for pharyngeal endoderm C&amp;E and reveal that G\u03b113 controls this through two independent pathways \u2013 modulating RhoA activation and regulating E-cadherin expression \u2013 thus unveiling intricate mechanisms governing pharyngeal endoderm morphogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.202597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T12:51:23Z","timestamp":1726059083000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["G\u03b113 controls pharyngeal endoderm convergence by regulating E-cadherin expression and RhoA activation"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5656-9632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5276-5707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Pinzour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmi","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faith","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amie","family":"Zerwic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nhan T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaping","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2179-7031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024093006544191500_DEV202597C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20057","article-title":"E-cadherin regulates cell movements and tissue formation in early zebrafish embryos","volume":"230","author":"Babb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. 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