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Unlike seed plants, ferns develop free-living gametophytes. Gametophytes of the model fern Ceratopteris exhibit two sex types: hermaphrodites with pluripotent meristems and males lacking meristems. In the absence of the pheromone antheridiogen, males convert to hermaphrodites by forming de novo meristems, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Using long-term time-lapse imaging and computational analyses, we captured male-to-hermaphrodite conversion at single-cell resolution and reconstructed the lineage and division atlas of newly formed meristems. Lineage tracing revealed that the de novo-formed meristem originates from a single non-antheridium cell: the meristem progenitor cell (MPC). During conversion, the MPC lineage showed increased mitotic activity, with marginal cells proliferating faster than inner cells. A mathematical model suggested that stochastic variation in cell division, combined with strong inhibitory signals from dividing marginal cells, is sufficient to explain gametophyte dynamics. Experimental disruption of division timing agreed with the model, showing that precise cell cycle progression is essential for MPC establishment and sex-type conversion. These findings reveal cellular mechanisms governing sex conversion and de novo meristem formation in land plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.204411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T14:54:50Z","timestamp":1737039290000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Single cell-derived multicellular meristem: insights into male-to-hermaphrodite conversion and <i>de novo<\/i> meristem formation in <i>Ceratopteris<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University 1 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology , , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University 2 , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Technology 3 Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , , Pasadena, CA 91125 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology 4 , Pasadena, CA 91125 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University 2 , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Purdue University 5 Department of Biochemistry , , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3401-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandria","family":"Volkening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University 6 Department of Mathematics , , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-5174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University 1 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology , , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University 2 , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021318155744900_DEV204411C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429283321","volume-title":"An Introduction to Systems Biology: Design Principles of Biological Circuits","author":"Alon","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025021318155744900_DEV204411C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.50.1.163","article-title":"Gametophyte development in ferns","volume":"50","author":"Banks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. 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