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In the mushroom body, which is an associative learning center of arthropods, the number of Kenyon cells (KCs) varies across species and among individuals. How such variation is developmentally accommodated by projection neurons (PNs), which provide sensory input to KCs, is not understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, we have previously demonstrated that PNs scale their presynaptic bouton number to KC population size. Here, we identify developmental mechanisms underlying this input flexibility. Boutons form on axonal collaterals; for PNs, we find that collateral number is subtype specific and serves as a substrate through which bouton number scales to KC population size. Independent of PN identity or KC number, most individual collaterals produce only one to three boutons, suggesting collaterals are modular cell biological bouton units. Developing PNs initially overproduce nascent collaterals in the early pupa. The set of nascent collaterals that form boutons and mature is conditional on KC number, thereby executing scaling. Finally, early boutons bear filopodia that contact neighboring PN processes, suggesting that bouton\u2013bouton interactions contribute to shaping these structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.205453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:06:40Z","timestamp":1791558400000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modular presynaptic assemblages scale to postsynaptic partner number"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Pu\u00f1al","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan 1 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology , , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Caicedo-Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan 1 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology , , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3036-8071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma M.","family":"Thornton-Kolbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan 1 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology , , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Michigan Medical School 2 Neuroscience Graduate Program , , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan 1 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology , , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson A.","family":"Rogow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rockefeller University 3 Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Behavior , , New York, NY 10065,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9150-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Josephine","family":"Clowney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan 1 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology , , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan 4 , Ann Arbor, MI 48109,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100911063200400_DEV205453C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.05.064","article-title":"Input density tunes Kenyon cell sensory responses in the Drosophila mushroom body","volume":"33","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. 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