{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T07:32:11Z","timestamp":1768807931431,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1987,2,1]],"date-time":"1987-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":539136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy results in a high frequency of fetal eye malformations in the Long-Evans rat. In this study we examine the development of the eye from days 12 through 21 of gestation in conceptuses of dams fed deficient or adequate levels of zinc and also examine maternal plasma and conceptus zinc concentrations during this period. Dams were fed diets containing 0\u00b75 (0\u00b75 Zn group), 4\u00b75 (4\u00b75 Zn group), or 100 (100 Zn AL group) \u03bcg zinc per gram diet ad libitum, or 100 \u03bcg zinc g\u22121 diet in amounts restricted on a daily basis to the intake of matched animals from the 0-5 Zn group (100 Zn RI group). Conceptuses were removed and maternal plasma was collected on days 12, 14, 16, 19 and 21 of gestation. Maternal plasma and conceptus zinc concentrations reflected maternal dietary zinc level, with dam plasma Zn concentrations in the order of 0\u00b75 Zn group &amp;lt; 4\u00b75 Zn group &amp;lt; 100 Zn group on all days. A similar pattern held for embryo\/fetus zinc, except for days 19 and 21, at which times the 0\u00b75 Zn and 4\u00b75 Zn fetuses had similar zinc concentrations. Histological examination of the developing eye of 0\u00b75 Zn fetuses on days 12 and 14 revealed that invagination of the optic cup was often deficient, and that closure of the choroid fissure did not occur, resulting in colobottiata and retinal folding visible at term. A very few fetuses were found at term to be anophthalmic or have only remnants of ocular tissue. In the absence of coloboma, retinal histogenesis evaluated on day 19 appeared normal in zinc-deficient fetuses, and in fact, the eye was relatively spared the effects of zinc deficiency in these fetuses. No eye malformations were seen in 4\u00b75 Zn fetuses. Thus, low maternal plasma and embryonic zinc concentrations during organogenesis adversely affect morphogenesis of the optic vesicle and closure of the choroid fissure, leading to anophthalmia or colobomatous microphthalmia with retinal folding at term. A possible mechanism for the latter malformation involving lack of vitreous pressure necessary for normal expansion of the developing eye is discussed. When the choroid fissure does close normally, later prenatal histogenesis of the retina does not seem to be adversely affected by zinc deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.99.2.231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T14:46:04Z","timestamp":1619448364000},"page":"231-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of zinc deficiency on morphogenesis of the fetal rat eye"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"John M.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Department of Nutrition , , Davis, California 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucille S.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Department of Nutrition , , Davis, California 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040616372353300_","first-page":"325","article-title":"Experimental congenital hydrocephalus","volume":"2","author":"Adeloye","year":"1976","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Brain"},{"key":"2023040616372353300_","first-page":"531","article-title":"Congenital eye defects in rats following maternal folic-acid deficiency during pregnancy","volume":"16","author":"Armstrong","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. 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