{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:44:43Z","timestamp":1792727083440,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, are extremely heritable complex genetic neurodevelopmental disorders. It is now possible to directly reprogram fibroblasts from psychiatric patients into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and subsequently differentiate these disorder-specific hiPSCs into neurons. This means that researchers can generate nearly limitless quantities of live human neurons with genetic backgrounds that are known to result in psychiatric disorders, without knowing which genes are interacting to produce the disease state in each patient. With these new human-cell-based models, scientists can investigate the precise cell types that are affected in these disorders and elucidate the cellular and molecular defects that contribute to disease initiation and progression. Here, we present a short review of experiments using hiPSCs and other sophisticated in vitro approaches to study the pathways underlying psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.008268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,28]],"date-time":"2011-09-28T06:30:20Z","timestamp":1317191420000},"page":"26-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Modeling psychiatric disorders through reprogramming"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kristen J.","family":"Brennand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred H.","family":"Gage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042500523948700_b1-0050026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.07.002","article-title":"Direct reprogramming of adult human fibroblasts to functional neurons under defined conditions","volume":"9","author":"Ambasudhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2021042500523948700_b2-0050026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02501","article-title":"Transcriptional control of midbrain dopaminergic neuron development","volume":"133","author":"Ang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042500523948700_b3-0050026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.036","article-title":"Neuronal subtype-specific genes that control corticospinal motor neuron development in vivo","volume":"45","author":"Arlotta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021042500523948700_b4-0050026","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4th edn"},{"key":"2021042500523948700_b5-0050026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4507","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900355106","article-title":"Impaired maturation of dendritic spines without disorganization of cortical cell layers in mice lacking NRG1\/ErbB signaling in the central nervous system","volume":"106","author":"Barros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. 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