{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T04:15:24Z","timestamp":1779336924128,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":3425,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant decline in human male reproductive function has been reported for the past 20 years but the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. However, recent studies showed that the gap junction protein connexin-43 (CX43; also known as GJA1) might be involved. CX43 is the predominant testicular connexin (CX) in most species, including in humans. Alterations of its expression are associated with different forms of spermatogenic disorders and infertility. Men with impaired spermatogenesis often exhibit a reduction or loss of CX43 expression in germ cells (GCs) and Sertoli cells (SCs). Adult male transgenic mice with a conditional knockout (KO) of the Gja1 gene [referred to here as connexin-43 (Cx43)] in SCs (SCCx43KO) show a comparable testicular phenotype to humans and are infertile. To detect possible signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms leading to the testicular phenotype in adult SCCx43KO mice and to their failure to initiate spermatogenesis, the testicular gene expression of 8-day-old SCCx43KO and wild-type (WT) mice was compared. Microarray analysis revealed that 658 genes were significantly regulated in testes of SCCx43KO mice. Of these genes, 135 were upregulated, whereas 523 genes were downregulated. For selected genes the results of the microarray analysis were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR and immunostaining. The majority of the downregulated genes are GC-specific and are essential for mitotic and meiotic progression of spermatogenesis, including Stra8, Dazl and members of the DM (dsx and map-3) gene family. Other altered genes can be associated with transcription, metabolism, cell migration and cytoskeleton organization. Our data show that deletion of Cx43 in SCs leads to multiple alterations of gene expression in prepubertal mice and primarily affects GCs. The candidate genes could represent helpful markers for investigators exploring human testicular biopsies from patients showing corresponding spermatogenic deficiencies and for studying the molecular mechanisms of human male sterility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.008649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]],"date-time":"2012-06-15T05:21:31Z","timestamp":1339737691000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Sertoli-cell-specific knockout of connexin 43 leads to multiple alterations in testicular gene expression in prepubertal mice"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Giese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Giessen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Markmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trinad","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlin","family":"Tchatalbachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Giessen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Guillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA CNRS), University of Tours, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Giessen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Failing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Biomathematics, University of Giessen, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karola","family":"Weider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Brehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042501053055500_b1-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14976","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807297105","article-title":"Stra8 and its inducer, retinoic acid, regulate meiotic initiation in both spermatogenesis and oogenesis in mice","volume":"105","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b2-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00853.x","article-title":"Adverse trends in male reproductive health: we may have reached a crucial \u2018tipping point\u2019","volume":"31","author":"Andersson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b3-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.04703.x","article-title":"Biology and epidemiology of testicular dysgenesis syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Asklund","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b4-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.02.027","article-title":"Sohlh1 is essential for spermatogonial differentiation","volume":"294","author":"Ballow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b5-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540004800608","article-title":"Connexin43 gene expression and regulation in the rodent seminiferous epithelium","volume":"48","author":"Batias","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b6-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-121","article-title":"Mayday \u2013 integrative analytics for expression data","volume":"11","author":"Battke","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b7-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.74.1.68","article-title":"Spermatogenic cells of the prepuberal mouse. Isolation and morphological characterization","volume":"74","author":"Bellv\u00e9","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b8-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00190101","article-title":"The distribution pattern of cytokeratin and vimentin immunoreactivity in testicular biopsies of infertile men","volume":"190","author":"Bergmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b9-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2011.04.021","article-title":"Pinpointing the expression of piRNAs and function of the PIWI protein subfamily during spermatogenesis in the mouse","volume":"355","author":"Beyret","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b10-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)42679-8","article-title":"Gap junctions between Sertoli cells in the infertile human testis","volume":"28","author":"Bigliardi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b11-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/19.2.185","article-title":"A comparison of normalization methods for high density oligonucleotide array data based on variance and bias","volume":"19","author":"Bolstad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b12-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1100","article-title":"Expression of connexin43 in mouse Leydig, Sertoli, and germinal cells at different stages of postnatal development","volume":"264","author":"Bravo-Moreno","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b13-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1201-365","article-title":"Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME)-toward standards for microarray data","volume":"29","author":"Brazma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b14-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1140","article-title":"Altered expression of connexins 26 and 43 in Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules infiltrated with carcinoma-in-situ or seminoma","volume":"197","author":"Brehm","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b15-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.05847","article-title":"Transition from preinvasive carcinoma in situ to seminoma is accompanied by a reduction of connexin 43 expression in Sertoli cells and germ cells","volume":"8","author":"Brehm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b16-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061171","article-title":"A Sertoli cell-specific knockout of connexin43 prevents initiation of spermatogenesis","volume":"171","author":"Brehm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b17-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219720005001442","article-title":"Rank-based methods as a non-parametric alternative of the T-statistic for the analysis of biological microarray data","volume":"3","author":"Breitling","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bioinform. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b18-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.07.055","article-title":"Rank products: a simple, yet powerful, new method to detect differentially regulated genes in replicated microarray experiments","volume":"573","author":"Breitling","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEBS. Lett."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b19-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.0001q.x","article-title":"Connections with connexins: the molecular basis of direct intercellular signaling","volume":"238","author":"Bruzzone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b20-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.07.014","article-title":"Major involvement of connexin 43 in seminiferous epithelial junction dynamics and male fertility","volume":"346","author":"Carette","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b21-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00009.2002","article-title":"Cell junction dynamics in the testis: Sertoli-germ cell interactions and male contraceptive development","volume":"82","author":"Cheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b22-0050895","first-page":"1465","article-title":"Polarity proteins and actin regulatory proteins are unlikely partners that regulate cell adhesion in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b23-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01722-06","article-title":"Abnormal sperm in mice lacking the Taf7l gene","volume":"27","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b24-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20249","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020249","article-title":"Retinoic Acid signalling and the control of meiotic entry in the human fetal gonad","volume":"6","author":"Childs","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b25-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20797","article-title":"Aberrant distribution of junctional complex components in retinoic acid receptor alpha-deficient mice","volume":"73","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b26-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.21.3452","article-title":"The ovo gene required for cuticle formation and oogenesis in flies is involved in hair formation and spermatogenesis in mice","volume":"12","author":"Dai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b27-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10473","article-title":"Functional characterization of Cx43 based gap junctions during spermatogenesis","volume":"200","author":"Decrouy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b28-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000059928.82702.6D","article-title":"Impaired gap junction connexin43 in Sertoli cells of patients with secretory azoospermia: a marker of undifferentiated Sertoli cells","volume":"83","author":"Defamie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b29-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P3","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-4-5-p3","article-title":"DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery","volume":"4","author":"Dennis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b30-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2008.10.023","article-title":"Reciprocal influence of connexins and apical junction proteins on their expressions and functions","volume":"1788","author":"Derangeon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b31-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg014","article-title":"SOURCE: a unified genomic resource of functional annotations, ontologies, and gene expression data","volume":"31","author":"Diehn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b32-0050895","first-page":"1","article-title":"Male reproductive health: its impact in relation to general well-being and low European fertility rates","volume":"40","author":"EU Strategic Research Plan","year":"2010","journal-title":"ESF Science Policy Briefing"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b33-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.06559","article-title":"Altered expression of ZO-1 and ZO-2 in Sertoli cells and loss of blood-testis barrier integrity in testicular carcinoma in situ","volume":"8","author":"Fink","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b34-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-009-0576-2","article-title":"Claudin-11 is over-expressed and dislocated from the blood-testis barrier in Sertoli cells associated with testicular intraepithelial neoplasia in men","volume":"131","author":"Fink","year":"2009","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b35-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2004.01.002","article-title":"Sertoli cell junctional proteins as early targets for different classes of reproductive toxicants","volume":"18","author":"Fiorini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b36-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26379","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026379","article-title":"Connexin43 modulates cell polarity and directional cell migration by regulating microtubule dynamics","volume":"6","author":"Francis","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b37-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02506","article-title":"Primordial germ cell deficiency in the connexin 43 knockout mouse arises from apoptosis associated with abnormal p53 activation","volume":"133","author":"Francis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b38-0050895","first-page":"169","article-title":"Differentiation markers of Sertoli cells and germ cells in fetal and early postnatal human testis","volume":"209","author":"Franke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b39-0050895","first-page":"269","article-title":"Intermediate-sized filaments present in Sertoli cells are of the vimentin type","volume":"19","author":"Franke","year":"1979","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b40-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3109\/15419060109080727","article-title":"Connexin-43 interactions with ZO-1 and alpha- and beta-tubulin","volume":"8","author":"Giepmans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Adhes."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b41-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00424-9","article-title":"Gap junction protein connexin-43 interacts directly with microtubules","volume":"11","author":"Giepmans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b42-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.12.008","article-title":"Connexin 43 a potential regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis within the seminiferous epithelium","volume":"41","author":"Gilleron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b43-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5145","DOI":"10.2174\/092986711797636117","article-title":"Chemical connexin impairment in the developing gonad associated with offspring infertility","volume":"18","author":"Gilleron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b44-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.65.070196.002355","article-title":"Connexins, connexons, and intercellular communication","volume":"65","author":"Goodenough","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b45-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq319","article-title":"14-3-3 beta in the healthy and diseased male reproductive system","volume":"26","author":"Graf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b46-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e630","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01224.x","article-title":"Male reproductive system defects and subfertility in a mutant mouse model of oculodentodigital dysplasia","volume":"34","author":"Gregory","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b47-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod52.2.211","article-title":"Interactions between germ cells and Sertoli cells in the testis","volume":"52","author":"Griswold","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b48-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17055","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M708449200","article-title":"Gonadotropin-regulated testicular helicase (DDX25), an essential regulator of spermatogenesis, prevents testicular germ cell apoptosis","volume":"283","author":"Gutti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b49-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30046","article-title":"Molecular characterization of suicide by microarray analysis","volume":"133C","author":"Gwadry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. C. Semin. Med. Genet."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b50-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.07.012","article-title":"Adherens and tight junctions: structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton","volume":"1778","author":"Hartsock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b51-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.97","article-title":"Reduced numbers of Sertoli, germ, and spermatogonial stem cells in impaired spermatogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Hentrich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b52-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2001.5342","article-title":"Control of intracellular movement of connexins by E-cadherin in murine skin papilloma cells","volume":"270","author":"Hernandez-Blazquez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Cell. Res."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b53-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.143.6.1725","article-title":"Gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication modulates mouse neural crest migration","volume":"143","author":"Huang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b54-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.138.1.181","article-title":"Involvement of ZO-1 in cadherin-based cell adhesion through its direct binding to alpha catenin and actin filaments","volume":"138","author":"Itoh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b55-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00635.x","article-title":"Coordinated European investigations of semen quality: results from studies of Scandinavian young men is a matter of concern","volume":"29","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b56-0050895","first-page":"147","article-title":"mRNA expression pattern of multiple members of connexin gene family in normal and abnormal fetal gonads in mouse","volume":"47","author":"Juneja","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b57-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.5.1263","article-title":"Defects in the germ line and gonads of mice lacking connexin43","volume":"60","author":"Juneja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b58-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2011.11.016","article-title":"Channel-independent influence of connexin 43 on cell migration","author":"Kameritsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b59-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr207","article-title":"A second independent locus within DMRT1 is associated with testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility","volume":"20","author":"Kanetsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b60-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2007.03.009","article-title":"The role of connexins in controlling cell growth and gene expression","volume":"94","author":"Kardami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b61-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000108932","article-title":"Male-specific function of Dmrt7 by sexually dimorphic translation in mouse testis","volume":"1","author":"Kawamata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex. Dev."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b62-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjp041","article-title":"The dazzle in germ cell differentiation","volume":"2","author":"Kerr","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b63-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-133X(02)00071-6","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic expression of multiple doublesex-related genes in the embryonic mouse gonad","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene. Expr. Patterns"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b64-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030062","article-title":"A mammal-specific Doublesex homolog associates with male sex chromatin and is required for male meiosis","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b65-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-5-160","article-title":"Reuse of imputed data in microarray analysis increases imputation efficiency","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b66-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62439-X","article-title":"Alteration of Sertoli cell differentiation in the presence of carcinoma in situ in human testes","volume":"160","author":"Kliesch","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b67-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00973","article-title":"Mili, a mammalian member of piwi family gene, is essential for spermatogenesis","volume":"131","author":"Kuramochi-Miyagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b68-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20391","article-title":"Stem cell protein piwil2 modulates expression of murine spermatogonial stem cell expressed genes","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b69-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-6981-2","article-title":"Blockage of testicular connexins induced apoptosis in rat seminiferous epithelium","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b70-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01658","article-title":"Ovol1 regulates meiotic pachytene progression during spermatogenesis by repressing Id2 expression","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b71-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/7.11.1015","article-title":"Expression patterns and transcript concentrations of the autosomal DAZL gene in testes of azoospermic men","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b72-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6794","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01029-07","article-title":"Loss of zona pellucida binding proteins in the acrosomal matrix disrupts acrosome biogenesis and sperm morphogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b73-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-2936","article-title":"Genomic and expression profiling of human spermatocytic seminomas: primary spermatocyte as tumorigenic precursor and DMRT1 as candidate chromosome 9 gene","volume":"66","author":"Looijenga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b74-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20010","article-title":"Expression profiling of the developing testis in wild-type and Dazl knockout mice","volume":"67","author":"Maratou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b75-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7183.559","article-title":"Risk of testicular cancer in subfertile men: case-control study","volume":"318","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b76-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0022","article-title":"Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell interactions and their significance in germ cell movement in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Mruk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b77-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-8-58","article-title":"Vertebrate DM domain proteins bind similar DNA sequences and can heterodimerize on DNA","volume":"8","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b78-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00215123","article-title":"Freeze-fracture observations on the intercellular junctions of Sertoli cells and of Leydig cells in the human testis","volume":"166","author":"Nagano","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b79-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092030408","article-title":"Proliferation of Sertoli cells in fetal and postnatal rats: a quantitative autoradiographic study","volume":"203","author":"Orth","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b80-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8090","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601083103","article-title":"Oogenesis requires germ cell-specific transcriptional regulators Sohlh1 and Lhx8","volume":"103","author":"Pangas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b81-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1995.tb00552.x","article-title":"The distribution of connexin 43 is associated with the germ cell differentiation and with the modulation of the Sertoli cell junctional barrier in continual (guinea pig) and seasonal breeders\u2019 (mink) testes","volume":"16","author":"Pelletier","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b82-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C570","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1994.267.2.C570","article-title":"Characterization of gap junctions between pairs of Leydig cells from mouse testis","volume":"267","author":"P\u00e9rez-Armendariz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b83-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.07.001","article-title":"Role of connexin-based gap junction channels in testis","volume":"16","author":"Pointis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b84-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2005.09.017","article-title":"Gap junctional communication in the male reproductive system","volume":"1719","author":"Pointis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b85-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0114","article-title":"Physiological and physiopathological aspects of connexins and communicating gap junctions in spermatogenesis","volume":"365","author":"Pointis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b86-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.1.4.18392","article-title":"Testicular connexin 43, a precocious molecular target for the effect of environmental toxicants on male fertility","volume":"1","author":"Pointis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spermatogenesis"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b87-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2010.515700","article-title":"Epidemiology and trends in male subfertility","volume":"13","author":"Povey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Fertil. (Camb.)"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b88-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.04.013","article-title":"Sox3 expression in undifferentiated spermatogonia is required for the progression of spermatogenesis","volume":"283","author":"Raverot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b89-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.834100","article-title":"Dmrt1, a gene related to worm and fly sexual regulators, is required for mammalian testis differentiation","volume":"14","author":"Raymond","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b90-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7892609","article-title":"Cardiac malformation in neonatal mice lacking connexin43","volume":"267","author":"Reaume","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b91-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(00)00493-7","article-title":"Variant hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 expression in the mouse genital tract","volume":"100","author":"Reber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b92-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.103.1.81","article-title":"Cell-, age- and stage-dependent distribution of connexin43 gap junctions in testes","volume":"103","author":"Risley","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b93-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.9.2262","article-title":"An early and massive wave of germinal cell apoptosis is required for the development of functional spermatogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b94-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00199510","article-title":"Expression of vimentin, cytokeratin, and desmin in Sertoli cells of human fetal, cryptorchid, and tumour-adjacent testicular tissue","volume":"427","author":"Rogatsch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b95-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1509","article-title":"Disrupted traffic of connexin 43 in human testicular seminoma cells: overexpression of Cx43 induces membrane location and cell proliferation decrease","volume":"202","author":"Roger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b96-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.3.829","article-title":"Failure of spermatogenesis in mice lacking connexin43","volume":"65","author":"Roscoe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b97-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/37987","article-title":"The mouse Dazla gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein essential for gametogenesis","volume":"389","author":"Ruggiu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b98-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.11.12.4131","article-title":"Complex phenotype of mice lacking occludin, a component of tight junction strands","volume":"11","author":"Saitou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b99-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6298","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.17.6298-6305.2002","article-title":"Male infertility, impaired sperm motility, and hydrocephalus in mice deficient in sperm-associated antigen 6","volume":"22","author":"Sapiro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b100-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1260589","article-title":"Absence of mDazl produces a final block on germ cell development at meiosis","volume":"126","author":"Saunders","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b101-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00291587","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes of the intercellular relationship in impaired human spermatogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Schleiermacher","year":"1980","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b102-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0206","article-title":"Environmental\/lifestyle effects on spermatogenesis","volume":"365","author":"Sharpe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b103-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1250769","article-title":"Proliferation and functional maturation of Sertoli cells, and their relevance to disorders of testis function in adulthood","volume":"125","author":"Sharpe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b104-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.5.972","article-title":"Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects","volume":"16","author":"Skakkebaek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b105-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2003.11.013","article-title":"Gap junctions and the connexin protein family","volume":"62","author":"Sohl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b106-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20429","article-title":"Functional connexin \u201chemichannels\u201d: a critical appraisal","volume":"54","author":"Spray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b107-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.059212","article-title":"Proliferation of adult Sertoli cells following conditional knockout of the Gap junctional protein GJA1 (connexin 43) in mice","volume":"76","author":"Sridharan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b108-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1411.004","article-title":"Role of connexin 43 in Sertoli cells of testis","volume":"1120","author":"Sridharan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b109-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00448.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of immature Sertoli cell markers in testicular tissue of infertile adult men: a preliminary study","volume":"19","author":"Steger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b110-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/4.3.227","article-title":"The proliferation of spermatogonia in normal and pathological human seminiferous epithelium: an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies against Ki\u201367 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen","volume":"4","author":"Steger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b111-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s004180050409","article-title":"Expression of connexin 43 in human testis","volume":"112","author":"Steger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b112-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-010-0769-8","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression analysis of Cx43, Cx26, c-KIT and PlAP in contralateral testis biopsies of patients with non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumor","volume":"135","author":"Steiner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b113-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2004.07.014","article-title":"Connexins: functions without junctions","volume":"16","author":"Stout","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b114-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4151","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0663","article-title":"Up-regulation of gap junctional intercellular communication and connexin43 expression by retinoic acid in human endometrial stromal cells","volume":"90","author":"Tanmahasamut","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b115-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6373","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401855101","article-title":"Gonadotropin-regulated testicular RNA helicase (GRTH Ddx25) is essential for spermatid development and completion of spermatogenesis","volume":"101","author":"Tsai-Morris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b116-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327914nc5201_13","article-title":"Upregulation of connexin 43 by retinoids but not by non-provitamin A carotenoids requires RARs","volume":"52","author":"Vine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b117-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/86927","article-title":"An abundance of X-linked genes expressed in spermatogonia","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b118-0050895","first-page":"1343","article-title":"Connexin 43, its regulatory role in testicular junction dynamics and spermatogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Weider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b119-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2011.03.001","article-title":"Altered differentiation and clustering of Sertoli cells in transgenic mice showing a Sertoli cell specific knockout of the connexin 43 gene","volume":"82","author":"Weider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b120-0050895","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards more objectivity in diagnosis and management of male fertility","volume":"7","author":"WHO","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b121-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200603063","article-title":"Mouse SYCP2 is required for synaptonemal complex assembly and chromosomal synapsis during male meiosis","volume":"173","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b122-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1613608","article-title":"Meiotic failure in male mice lacking an X-linked factor","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021042501053055500_b123-0050895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.066795","article-title":"Expression of stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (Stra8) in spermatogenic cells induced by retinoic acid: an in vivo study in vitamin A-sufficient postnatal murine testes","volume":"79","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."}],"container-title":["Disease Models &amp; Mechanisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article-pdf\/5\/6\/895\/1864837\/895.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.008649\/2060826\/dmm_008649v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.008649\/2060826\/dmm_008649v1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T11:32:13Z","timestamp":1714044733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.008649\/258710\/Sertoli-cell-specific-knockout-of-connexin-43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"references-count":123,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dmm.008649","relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-8411","1754-8403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-8411","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1754-8403","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"article-number":"dmm.008649"}}