{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:06:54Z","timestamp":1773302814248,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":3059,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key regulator of inflammation and ischaemic brain injury, but the contribution of central and peripheral sources of IL-1 to brain injury is not well understood. Here we show that haematopoietic-derived IL-1 is a key driver of ischaemic brain injury. Wild type (WT) mice transplanted with IL-1\u03b1\u03b2-deficient bone marrow displayed a significant (40%) reduction in brain injury induced by focal cerebral ischaemia compared to WT mice transplanted with WT bone marrow. This was paralleled by improved neurological outcome and the almost complete absence of splenic-derived, but not liver-derived, IL-1\u03b1 after stroke in WT mice lacking haematopoietic-derived IL-1. IL-1\u03b1\u03b2 knockout (KO) mice transplanted with IL-1\u03b1\u03b2-deficient bone marrow showed a 60% reduction in brain injury compared to WT mice receiving WT bone marrow. Transplantation of WT bone marrow in IL-1\u03b1\u03b2 KO mice resulted in a similar level of blood-brain-barrier injury to that observed in WT mice receiving IL-1\u03b1\u03b2-deficient bone marrow. Cerebral oedema after brain injury was reduced in IL-1\u03b1\u03b2 KO recipients irrespective of donor-derived IL-1, but a lack of haematopoetic IL-1 has also been associated with smaller brain oedema independently of recipient status. Thus, both central and haematopoietic-derived IL-1 are important contributors to brain injury after cerebral ischaemia. Identification of the cellular sources of IL-1 in the periphery could allow targeted interventions at these sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.011601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,16]],"date-time":"2013-03-16T07:50:36Z","timestamp":1363420236000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Central and haematopoietic interleukin-1 both contribute to ischaemic brain injury in mice"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Denes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Bigger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy J.","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart. 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