{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:19:54Z","timestamp":1791825594455,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":3059,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b21 and TGF-\u03b23 have been reported to exert differential effects on wound healing, and possibly even account for tissue-specific differences in scar formation. Scarring is particularly detrimental in the vocal fold mucosa (VFM), where destruction of the native extracellular matrix causes irreparable biomechanical changes and voice impairment. Here, in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we identified differences in TGF-\u03b21 and TGF-\u03b23 transcription and immunolocalization to various cell subpopulations in na\u00efve and injured rat VFM, compared with oral mucosa (which undergoes rapid healing with minimal scar) and skin (which typically heals with scar). Treatment of cultured human vocal fold fibroblasts with TGF-\u03b23 resulted in less potent induction of profibrotic gene transcription, extracellular matrix synthesis and fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation, compared with treatment with TGF-\u03b21 and TGF-\u03b22. Finally, delivery of exogenous TGF-\u03b23 to rat VFM during the acute injury phase modulated the early inflammatory environment and reduced eventual scar formation. These experiments show that the TGF-\u03b2 isoforms have distinct roles in VFM maintenance and repair, and that TGF-\u03b23 redirects wound healing to improve VFM scar outcomes in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.013326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,3]],"date-time":"2013-10-03T00:49:20Z","timestamp":1380761360000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["TGF-\u03b23 modulates the inflammatory environment and reduces scar formation following vocal fold mucosal injury in rats"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yo","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan V.","family":"Welham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042513052211000_b1-0070083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200507111","article-title":"A \u201ctraffic control\u201d role for TGF-\u03b23: orchestrating dermal and epidermal cell motility during wound healing","volume":"172","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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