{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T15:21:05Z","timestamp":1776007265095,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":2694,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>RUNX2, a master regulator of osteogenesis, is oncogenic in the lymphoid lineage however little is known about its role in epithelial cancers. Upregulation of RUNX2 in cell lines correlates with increased invasiveness and the capacity to form osteolytic disease in models of breast and prostate cancer. However, most studies have analysed the effects of this gene in a limited number of cell lines and its role in primary breast cancer has not been resolved. Using a human tumour tissue microarray, we show that high RUNX2 expression is significantly associated with ER\/PR\/HER2-negative breast cancers and that patients with high RUNX2 expression have a poorer survival rate than those with negative\/low expression. We confirm RUNX2 as a gene which has a potentially important functional role in triple negative breast cancer. To investigate the role of this gene in breast cancer, we made a transgenic model where Runx2 is specifically expressed in murine mammary epithelium under the control of the MMTV-promoter. We show that ectopic Runx2 perturbs normal development in pubertal and lactating animals, delaying ductal elongation and inhibiting lobular alveolar differentiation. We also show that the Runx2 transgene elicits age-related, pre-neoplastic changes in the mammary epithelium of older transgenic animals, suggesting that elevated RUNX2 expression renders such tissue more susceptible to oncogenic changes and providing further evidence that this gene may have an important, context-dependent role in breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.015040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,14]],"date-time":"2014-03-14T06:01:37Z","timestamp":1394776897000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["RUNX2 in subtype specific breast cancer and mammary gland differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, School of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra M.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Orange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Department of Pathology, Glasgow, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry A.","family":"Gusterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Department of Pathology, Glasgow, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna S.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, School of 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