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SWS and NTE are widely expressed in neurons but can also be found in glia however the function in glia was unknown. We have used a knockdown approach to specifically address SWS function in glia and to probe for resulting neuronal dysfunctions. This revealed that loss of SWS in pseudocartridge glia causes the formation of multi-layered glial whorls in the lamina cortex, the first optic neuropil. This phenotype can be rescued by the expression of SWS and NTE suggesting that the glial function is conserved in the vertebrate protein. SWS is also required for the glial wrapping of neurons by ensheathing glia and its loss in glia causes axonal damage. We also detected severe locomotion deficits in glial SWS knockdown flies that already occurred at 2d and increased further with age. Utilizing the giant fiber system to test for underlying functional neuronal defects showed that the response latency to a stimulus was unchanged in knockdown flies compared to controls but the reliability with which the neurons responded to increasing frequencies was reduced. This shows that the loss of SWS in glia impairs neuronal function, thereby playing an important role in the phenotypes described in the sws mutant. It is therefore likely that changes in glia also contribute to the pathology observed in patients that carry mutations in NTE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.022236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,4]],"date-time":"2015-12-04T02:30:22Z","timestamp":1449196222000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Glial expression of Swiss-cheese (SWS), the<i>Drosophila<\/i>orthologue of Neuropathy Target Esterase, is required for neuronal ensheathment and function"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Sudeshna","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Rieche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Zoologie III \u2013 Neurobiologie, Universit\u00e4t Mainz, Colonel-Kleinmann-Weg 2, D-55099 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Eckl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Zoologie III \u2013 Neurobiologie, Universit\u00e4t Mainz, Colonel-Kleinmann-Weg 2, D-55099 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Duch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Zoologie III \u2013 Neurobiologie, Universit\u00e4t Mainz, Colonel-Kleinmann-Weg 2, D-55099 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Kretzschmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042513100604800_DMM022236C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5075","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401030101","article-title":"Brain-specific deletion of neuropathy target esterase\/swisscheese results in neurodegeneration","volume":"101","author":"Akassoglou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. 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