{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:27:59Z","timestamp":1789507679443,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1598,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI094123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI094123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI111224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI111224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01OD016997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01OD016997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32OD010437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32OD010437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000963","name":"American Diabetes Association Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-11-BS-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-11-BS-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among non-communicable diseases and additional animal models that more closely replicate the pathogenesis of human type 2 diabetes are needed. The goal of this study was to develop a model of type 2 diabetes in guinea pigs in which diet-induced glucose intolerance precedes \u03b2 cell cytotoxicity, two processes that are critical to the development of human type 2 diabetes. Guinea pigs developed impaired glucose tolerance after eight weeks of feeding a high fat, high carbohydrate diet, as determined by oral glucose challenge. Diet-induced glucose intolerance was accompanied by \u03b2 cell hyperplasia, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia with hepatocellular steatosis. Streptozotocin (STZ) treatment alone was ineffective at inducing diabetic hyperglycemia in guinea pigs, which failed to develop sustained glucose intolerance or fasting hyperglycemia and returned to euglycemia within 21 days after treatment. However, when high fat, high carbohydrate diet-fed guinea pigs were treated with STZ, glucose intolerance and fasting hyperglycemia persisted beyond 21 days post-STZ treatment. Guinea pigs with diet induced glucose intolerance then subsequently treated with STZ demonstrated an insulin secretory capacity consistent with insulin-independent diabetes. This insulin independent state was confirmed by response to oral antihyperglycemic drugs, metformin and glipizide, which resolved glucose intolerance and extended survival compared to guinea pigs with uncontrolled diabetes. In this study, we have developed a model of sequential glucose intolerance and \u03b2 cell loss, through high fat, high carbohydrate diet and extensive optimization of STZ treatment in the guinea pig, which closely resembles human type 2 diabetes. This model will prove useful in the study of insulin-independent diabetes pathogenesis with or without comorbidities, where the guinea pig serves as a relevant model species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.025593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T01:45:28Z","timestamp":1484271928000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A model of type 2 diabetes in the guinea pig using sequential diet-induced glucose intolerance and streptozotocin treatment"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2548-8826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan K.","family":"Podell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Ackart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"DiLisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Pulford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall J.","family":"Basaraba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.40.651","article-title":"The making of diabetic guinea pigs by streptozotocin and high incidence of triggered activity in the ventricular muscle","volume":"40","author":"Aomine","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(91)90095-U","article-title":"Effects of yohimbine and nicotinic acid on insulin secretion in islet transplanted streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"11","author":"Ar'Rajab","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860190","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/860190","article-title":"Increased small dense LDL and decreased paraoxonase enzyme activity reveals formation of an atherogenic risk in streptozotocin-induced diabetic guinea pigs","volume":"2013","author":"Aslan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.001","article-title":"Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults","volume":"103","author":"Beagley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(83)90034-3","article-title":"Animal models of diabetes mellitus: physiology and pathology","volume":"35","author":"Bell","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.13.3.198","article-title":"Molecular biology of mammalian glucose transporters","volume":"13","author":"Bell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81896-6","article-title":"Development of a novel polygenic model of NIDDM in mice heterozygous for IR and IRS-1 null alleles","volume":"88","author":"Br\u00fcning","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.1.102","article-title":"Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Butler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0647","article-title":"The replication of beta cells in normal physiology, in disease and for therapy","volume":"3","author":"Butler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01273.2005","article-title":"Sex difference in cardiomyocyte function in normal and metallothionein transgenic mice: the effect of diabetes mellitus","volume":"100","author":"Ceylan-Isik","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.16.5046","article-title":"Guinea pig preproinsulin gene: an evolutionary compromise?","volume":"81","author":"Chan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C12","first-page":"40","article-title":"Anomer-equilibrated streptozotocin solution for the induction of experimental diabetes in mice (Mus musculus)","volume":"49","author":"de la Garza-Rodea","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051564","article-title":"Relative importance of transport and alkylation for pancreatic beta-cell toxicity of streptozotocin","volume":"43","author":"Elsner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(02)00219-X","article-title":"Exercise improves plasma lipid profiles and modifies lipoprotein composition in guinea pigs","volume":"13","author":"Ensign","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-3-17","article-title":"Guinea pigs: a suitable animal model to study lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation","volume":"3","author":"Fernandez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.7.1323","article-title":"Hamsters and guinea pigs differ in their plasma lipoprotein cholesterol distribution when fed diets varying in animal protein, soluble fiber, or cholesterol content","volume":"129","author":"Fernandez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1133","article-title":"beta-Cell function in subjects spanning the range from normal glucose tolerance to overt diabetes: a new analysis","volume":"90","author":"Ferrannini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0015com","article-title":"Impaired beta-cell regeneration in perinatally malnourished rats: a study with STZ","volume":"14","author":"Garofano","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1948.35","article-title":"The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of alloxan","volume":"26","author":"Griffiths","year":"1948","journal-title":"Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.002","article-title":"Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035","volume":"103","author":"Guariguata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F214","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00204.2005","article-title":"Impact of genetic background on nephropathy in diabetic mice","volume":"290","author":"Gurley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C22","first-page":"639","article-title":"Insulin replacement therapy for the rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus","volume":"49","author":"Haughton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1326.2003.00251.x","article-title":"Establishment of mouse as an animal model for study of diabetic cataracts: biochemical studies","volume":"5","author":"Hegde","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diab. Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.2174\/138945011795677827","article-title":"Guinea pig model of infectious disease - viral infections","volume":"12","author":"Hickey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8195","article-title":"Sodium, potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity is impaired in the guinea pig pancreatic duct system in streptozotocin-induced diabetes","volume":"243","author":"Hootman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.6145","article-title":"Differential sensitivity of GLUT1- and GLUT2-expressing beta cells to streptozotocin","volume":"289","author":"Hosokawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C27","volume-title":"Diabetes Atlas, 7th ed. Brussels, Belgium.","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.2009.31.4.1362513","article-title":"Experimental rodent models of type 2 diabetes: a review","volume":"31","author":"Islam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-068-7_10","article-title":"Experimentally induced rodent models of type 2 diabetes","volume":"933","author":"Islam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-116-3-896","article-title":"Pancreatic islet circulation in relation to the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin in the rat","volume":"116","author":"Jansson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2010.00713.x","article-title":"Variation in characteristics of islets of Langerhans in insulin-resistant, diabetic and non-diabetic-rat strains","volume":"91","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C32","first-page":"4047","article-title":"Clinical review 135: The importance of beta-cell failure in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes","volume":"86","author":"Kahn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.157","article-title":"The role of FOXO1 in beta-cell failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Kitamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020041085020","article-title":"Fluorophotometry. II. Streptozocin-treated guinea pigs","volume":"98","author":"Klein","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.18.8.542","article-title":"Resistance of rabbits and guinea pigs to the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin","volume":"18","author":"Kushner","year":"1969","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C36","first-page":"119","article-title":"Alloxan and streptozotocin diabetes","volume-title":"Time Structures of Endocrine Systems","author":"Lenzen","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0886-7","article-title":"The mechanisms of alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Lenzen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2004.12.002","article-title":"Choline acetyltransferase and inducible nitric oxide synthase are increased in myenteric plexus of diabetic guinea pig","volume":"118","author":"LePard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2204-7","article-title":"Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol","volume":"54","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C40","first-page":"1643","article-title":"[Comparative biochemical study on the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin in mice, rats, Chinese hamsters and guinea pigs]","volume":"21","author":"Losert","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arzneim-Forsch."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.131615","article-title":"The Guinea pig as a preclinical model for demonstrating the efficacy and safety of statins","volume":"324","author":"Madsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1177\/39.11.1918931","article-title":"Synthetic guinea pig insulin B-chain C-terminal decapeptide: a novel immunogen for generating immunocytochemical-grade antisera","volume":"39","author":"Maimon","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716404","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/716404","article-title":"The role of metformin in the management of NAFLD","volume":"2012","author":"Mazza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.9.1445","article-title":"Insulin administration enhances growth of the beta-cell mass in streptozotocin-treated newborn rats","volume":"46","author":"Movassat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(81)90343-5","article-title":"Adrenergic receptors and the onset of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice","volume":"75","author":"Nakadate","year":"1981","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046824","article-title":"Evaluation of standard chemotherapy in the guinea pig model of tuberculosis","volume":"54","author":"Ordway","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C46","first-page":"324","article-title":"The guinea pig as a model of infectious diseases","volume":"58","author":"Padilla-Carlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp. Med."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46824","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046824","article-title":"Non-diabetic hyperglycemia exacerbates disease severity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected guinea pigs","volume":"7","author":"Podell","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.9.2628","article-title":"Characterization of susceptibility of inbred mouse strains to diabetic nephropathy","volume":"54","author":"Qi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00969.x","article-title":"Pancreatic beta-cell mass in European subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Rahier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90141-I","article-title":"Low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat","volume":"40","author":"Reaven","year":"1991","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2000.17721","article-title":"A new rat model of type 2 diabetes: the fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rat","volume":"49","author":"Reed","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01499.x","article-title":"Animal models of diabetes mellitus","volume":"22","author":"Rees","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys135","article-title":"Convergence of non-communicable and infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"42","author":"Remais","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176827","article-title":"Overexpression of alpha2A-adrenergic receptors contributes to type 2 diabetes","volume":"327","author":"Rosengren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1540\/jsmr.50.29","article-title":"Onset of diabetes modulates the airway smooth muscle reactivity of guinea pigs: role of epithelial mediators","volume":"50","author":"Saidullah","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Smooth Muscle Res."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.09.015","article-title":"Reduced blood glucose levels, increased insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance in alpha2A-adrenoceptor knockout mice","volume":"578","author":"Savontaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(84)90260-1","article-title":"Effects of streptozotocin in the male guinea pig: a potential animal model for studying diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Schlosser","year":"1984","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(87)90608-4","article-title":"Selected physical and biochemical parameters in the streptozotocin-treated guinea pig: insights into the diabetic guinea pig model","volume":"41","author":"Schlosser","year":"1987","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.43.11.1326","article-title":"STZ transport and cytotoxicity: specific enhancement in GLUT2-expressing cells","volume":"43","author":"Schnedl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29069","article-title":"Inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"116","author":"Shoelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12235","article-title":"Modeling type 2 diabetes in rats using high fat diet and streptozotocin","volume":"5","author":"Skovs\u00f8","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046824","article-title":"Animal models in type 2 diabetes research: an overview","volume":"125","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.9.1163","article-title":"Diet-induced type II diabetes in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"37","author":"Surwit","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1805","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes: etiology and reversibility","volume":"36","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150204","article-title":"Impaired mitochondrial energy supply coupled to increased H2O2 emission under energy\/redox stress leads to myocardial dysfunction during Type I diabetes","volume":"129","author":"Tocchetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00432521","article-title":"Early glomerular changes in streptozotocin diabetes of the guinea pig","volume":"368","author":"Wehner","year":"1975","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12031","article-title":"Islet beta cell mass in diabetes and how it relates to function, birth, and death","volume":"1281","author":"Weir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3466.2004.tb00131.x","article-title":"Guinea pigs as models to study the hypocholesterolemic effects of drugs","volume":"22","author":"West","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drug Rev."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H916","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00026.2012","article-title":"Glutathione oxidation unmasks proarrhythmic vulnerability of chronically hyperglycemic guinea pigs","volume":"304","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042500004465500_DMM025593C68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.11.008","article-title":"High fat diets and pathology in the guinea pig. Atherosclerosis or liver damage?","volume":"1832","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"}],"container-title":["Disease Models &amp; Mechanisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.025593","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article-pdf\/10\/2\/151\/1860516\/dmm025593.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.025593\/2069151\/dmm_025593v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.025593\/2069151\/dmm_025593v1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T22:00:19Z","timestamp":1621375219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.025593\/257216\/A-model-of-type-2-diabetes-in-the-guinea-pig-using"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"references-count":71,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dmm.025593","relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-8411","1754-8403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-8411","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1754-8403","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"article-number":"dmm.025593"}}