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In an effort to promote the utility of Drosophila larvae as an additional model system, in this study, we describe a novel aspect of an induction mechanism for innate immunity in these larvae. By using a fine tungsten needle created for manipulating semi-conductor devices, larvae were subjected to septic injury. However, although Toll pathway mutants were susceptible to infection with Gram-positive bacteria as had been shown for Drosophila adults, microbe clearance was not affected in the mutants. In addition, Drosophila larvae were found to be sensitive to mechanical stimuli with respect to the activation of a sterile humoral response. In particular, pinching with forceps to a degree that might cause minor damage to larval tissues could induce the expression of the antifungal peptide gene Drosomycin; notably, this induction was partially independent of the Toll and immune deficiency pathways. We therefore propose that Drosophila larvae might serve as a useful model to analyze the infectious and non-infectious inflammation that underlies various inflammatory diseases such as ischemia, atherosclerosis and cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.027102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T14:25:14Z","timestamp":1488378314000},"page":"271-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["A novel mode of induction of the humoral innate immune response in <i>Drosophila<\/i> larvae"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kenmoku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biopharmacy and Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5375-6678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aki","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biopharmacy and Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9493-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Kuraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biopharmacy and Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan"},{"name":"PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0301-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Kurata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biopharmacy and Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042500053700700_DMM027102C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90274-0","article-title":"Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo: genetic studies on the role of the Toll gene product","volume":"42","author":"Anderson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042500053700700_DMM027102C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90275-2","article-title":"Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo: the induction of polarity by the Toll gene product","volume":"42","author":"Anderson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042500053700700_DMM027102C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136593","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136593","article-title":"Apoptosis in hemocytes induces a shift in effector mechanisms in the Drosophila immune system and leads to a pro-inflammatory state","volume":"10","author":"Arefin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021042500053700700_DMM027102C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.04.001","article-title":"Engulfing action of glial cells is required for programmed axon pruning during Drosophila metamorphosis","volume":"14","author":"Awasaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. 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