{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T17:11:15Z","timestamp":1781889075244,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":735,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NCL Foundation"},{"name":"Boll Foundation"},{"name":"K\u00e4mpgen Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022800","name":"Hans and Marlies Stock Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022800","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (jNCL) is a rare but fatal inherited lysosomal storage disorder mainly affecting children. The disease is caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene that lead to the accumulation of storage material in many tissues, prominent immune responses and neuronal degeneration. One of the first symptoms is vision loss followed by motor dysfunction and mental decline. The established Cln3\u0394ex7\/8 mouse model mimics many pathological features of the human disease except the retinal phenotype, which is very mild and occurs only very late in these mice. Here, we first carefully analyzed the retinal structure and microglia responses in these animals. While prominent autofluorescent spots were present in the fundus, only a moderate reduction of retinal thickness and no prominent microgliosis was seen in young CLN3-deficient mice. We next genetically introduced a light-sensitive RPE65 variant and established a light-damage paradigm that showed a high susceptibility of young Cln3\u0394ex7\/8 mice after exposure to 10,000 lux bright light for 30\u2005min. Under these \u2018low light\u2019 conditions, CLN3-deficient mice showed a strong retinal degeneration, microglial activation, deposition of autofluorescent material and transcriptomic changes compared to wild-type animals. Finally, we treated the light-exposed Cln3\u0394ex7\/8 animals with the immunomodulatory compound minocycline, and thereby rescued the retinal phenotype and diminished microgliosis. Our findings indicate that exposure to specific light conditions accelerates CLN3-dependent retinal degeneration, and that immunomodulation by minocycline could be a possible treatment option to delay vision loss in jNCL patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.033597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T14:59:59Z","timestamp":1532444399000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Immunomodulation with minocycline rescues retinal degeneration in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis mice highly susceptible to light damage"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Dannhausen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne 1 Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology , , 50931 Cologne , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"M\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Fluorescent Bioanalytics, University of Regensburg 2 , 93053 Regensburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6826-529X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Langmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne 1 Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology , , 50931 Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne 3 , 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14065","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14450-5","article-title":"Minocycline modulates microglia polarization in ischemia-reperfusion model of retinal degeneration and induces neuroprotection","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2010.09.004","article-title":"Screening for calcium channel modulators in CLN3 siRNA knock down SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells reveals a significant decrease of intracellular calcium levels by selected L-type calcium channel blockers","volume":"1810","author":"An Haack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0296-6","article-title":"Activated microglia\/macrophage whey acidic protein (AMWAP) inhibits NF\u03baB signaling and induces a neuroprotective phenotype in microglia","volume":"12","author":"Aslanidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6952","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12945","article-title":"Apoptotic photoreceptor loss and altered expression of lysosomal proteins in the nclf mouse model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis","volume":"54","author":"Bartsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21416","article-title":"Progressive oxidative damage in the central nervous system of a murine model for juvenile Batten disease","volume":"85","author":"Benedict","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00264-5","article-title":"Histopathologic and immunocytochemical analysis of the retina and ocular tissues in batten disease11 the authors have no proprietary interest in the products and devices mentioned herein","volume":"107","author":"Bensaoula","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.1999.2829","article-title":"Retinal degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: an overview","volume":"66","author":"Birch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-7192(02)00201-9","article-title":"Functional categorization of gene expression changes in the cerebellum of a Cln3-knockout mouse model for Batten disease","volume":"78","author":"Brooks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20483","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M602180200","article-title":"Autophagy is disrupted in a knock-in mouse model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis","volume":"281","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26039","article-title":"Role of the lysosomal membrane protein, CLN3, in the regulation of Cathepsin D activity","volume":"118","author":"C\u00e1rcel-Trullols","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.08.007","article-title":"Identification of \u03b1-fetoprotein as an autoantigen in juvenile Batten disease","volume":"29","author":"Castaneda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0143","article-title":"Altered gene expression in the eye of a mouse model for batten disease","volume":"45","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.22.2709","article-title":"Cln3(Deltaex7\/8) knock-in mice with the common JNCL mutation exhibit progressive neurologic disease that begins before birth","volume":"11","author":"Cotman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01748-09","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus induces the interferon response via the DNA sensor ZBP1","volume":"84","author":"DeFilippis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14669","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251341998","article-title":"Minocycline prevents nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"98","author":"Du","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg307","article-title":"Gene Expression Dynamics Inspector (GEDI): for integrative analysis of expression profiles","volume":"19","author":"Eichler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-5-57","article-title":"Membrane trafficking and mitochondrial abnormalities precede subunit c deposition in a cerebellar cell model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis","volume":"5","author":"Fossale","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5525","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02656","article-title":"btn1, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of the human Batten disease gene CLN3, regulates vacuole homeostasis","volume":"118","author":"Gachet","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20692","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3 activation initiates photoreceptor cell death in vivo and in vitro","volume":"58","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2000.3006","article-title":"CLN3 protein regulates lysosomal pH and alters intracellular processing of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta protein precursor and cathepsin D in human cells","volume":"70","author":"Golabek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-080-9_6","article-title":"Light damage as a model of retinal degeneration","volume":"935","author":"Grimm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-2-54","article-title":"Non-invasive assessment of retinal alterations in mouse models of infantile and juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"2","author":"Groh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1997","article-title":"Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain","volume":"10","author":"Hanisch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2016.1236179","article-title":"Aberrant adhesion impacts early development in a Dictyostelium model for juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis","volume":"11","author":"Huber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Adhes. Migr."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.97.1.253","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of a macrophage-specific antigen in developing mouse retina: phagocytosis of dying neurons and differentiation of microglial cells to form a regular array in the plexiform layers","volume":"97","author":"Hume","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2010.05.010","article-title":"Microglia in the healthy and degenerating retina: insights from novel mouse models","volume":"215","author":"Karlstetter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-97","article-title":"Chronic oral administration of minocycline to sheep with ovine CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis maintains pharmacological concentrations in the brain but does not suppress neuroinflammation or disease progression","volume":"10","author":"Kay","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3109\/13816810903258829","article-title":"Autofluorescence and Infrared Retinal Imaging in patients and obligate carriers with Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis","volume":"30","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2010","article-title":"Physiology of microglia","volume":"91","author":"Kettenmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2006.05.007","article-title":"Functional biology of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) proteins","volume":"1762","author":"Kytt\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0207114","article-title":"Microglia activation in retinal degeneration","volume":"81","author":"Langmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01716-1","article-title":"Retinal degeneration in a mouse model of CLN5 disease is associated with compromised autophagy","volume":"7","author":"Leinonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt596","article-title":"Human iPSC models of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis capture distinct effects of TPP1 and CLN3 mutations on the endocytic pathway","volume":"23","author":"Lojewski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201505994","article-title":"Interferon-beta signaling in retinal mononuclear phagocytes attenuates pathological neovascularization","volume":"8","author":"L\u00fcckoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.19.2123","article-title":"CLN3 protein is targeted to neuronal synapses but excluded from synaptic vesicles: new clues to Batten disease","volume":"10","author":"Luiro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh321","article-title":"Interconnections of CLN3, Hook1 and Rab proteins link Batten disease to defects in the endocytic pathway","volume":"13","author":"Luiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C37","author":"Mirza","year":"2013"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.1999.0267","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the Cln3 gene provides a mouse model for batten disease","volume":"6","author":"Mitchison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.05.011","article-title":"Genetics of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease)","volume":"1852","author":"Mole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C40","volume-title":"The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease), Second Edition. Contemporary Neurology Series","author":"Mole","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64427","article-title":"Inflammatory priming predisposes mice to age-related retinal degeneration","volume":"122","author":"Mustafi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647","article-title":"Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo","volume":"308","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320420428","article-title":"Mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c storage in the ceroid-lipofuscinoses (Batten disease)","volume":"42","author":"Palmer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14338","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14338","article-title":"mTORC1-independent TFEB activation via Akt inhibition promotes cellular clearance in neurodegenerative storage diseases","volume":"8","author":"Palmieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-017-0476-y","article-title":"Glial cells are functionally impaired in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and detrimental to neurons","volume":"5","author":"Parviainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8139","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5200-13.2014","article-title":"Suppression of microglial activation is neuroprotective in a mouse model of human retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"34","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.07.030","article-title":"Late onset neurodegeneration in the Cln3\u2212\/\u2212 mouse model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is preceded by low level glial activation","volume":"1023","author":"Pontikis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04639.x","article-title":"Rpe65 as a modifier gene for inherited retinal degeneration","volume":"23","author":"Samardzija","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0431-4","article-title":"Minocycline counter-regulates pro-inflammatory microglia responses in the retina and protects from degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Scholz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450043345164","article-title":"Microglia-targeted pharmacotherapy in retinal neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"5","author":"Schuetz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.04.008","article-title":"NCL diseases - clinical perspectives","volume":"1832","author":"Schulz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2001.1099","article-title":"Retinal pathology and function in a Cln3 knockout mouse model of juvenile neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (Batten Disease)","volume":"19","author":"Seigel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38310","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038310","article-title":"Large-scale phenotyping of an accurate genetic mouse model of JNCL identifies novel early pathology outside the central nervous system","volume":"7","author":"Staropoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0913-1","article-title":"Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis protein CLN3 interacts with motor proteins and modifies location of late endosomal compartments","volume":"69","author":"Uusi-Rauva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-01-00053.2001","article-title":"The Rpe65 Leu450Met variation increases retinal resistance against light-induced degeneration by slowing rhodopsin regeneration","volume":"21","author":"Wenzel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12385","article-title":"Microglia in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis are primed toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype","volume":"127","author":"Xiong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.042","article-title":"Minocycline attenuates photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of subretinal hemorrhage microglial: inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy","volume":"179","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2024061303505722000_DMM033597C59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201505298","article-title":"Microglial phagocytosis of living photoreceptors contributes to inherited retinal degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."}],"container-title":["Disease Models &amp; Mechanisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.033597","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.033597\/3486248\/dmm033597.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.033597\/2070056\/dmm_033597v1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/dmm.033597\/3486248\/dmm033597.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T03:51:56Z","timestamp":1718250716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dmm\/article\/11\/9\/dmm033597\/53600\/Immunomodulation-with-minocycline-rescues-retinal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dmm.033597","relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-8411","1754-8403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-8411","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1754-8403","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"article-number":"dmm033597"}}