{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:03:42Z","timestamp":1753884222488,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":735,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020594","name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SB-62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SB-62"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes A, B and E are responsible for most cases of human botulism. The only approved therapy for botulism is antitoxin treatment administered to patients after symptom onset. However, a recent meta-analysis of antitoxin efficacy in human botulism cases over the past century concluded that a statistically significant reduction in mortality is associated with the use of type E and type A antitoxin, but not with type B antitoxin. Animal models could be highly valuable in studying postsymptom antitoxin efficacy (PSAE). However, the few attempts to evaluate PSAE in animals relied on subjective observations and showed \u223c50% protection. Recently, we developed a novel spirometry model for the quantitative evaluation of PSAE in rabbits and used it to demonstrate full protection against BoNT\/E. In the current study, a comparative evaluation of PSAE in botulism types A and B was conducted using this quantitative respiratory model. A lethal dose of each toxin induced a comparable course of disease both in terms of time to symptoms (TTS, 41.9\u00b11.3 and 40.6\u00b11.1\u2005h, respectively) and of time to death (TTD, 71.3\u00b13.1 and 66.3\u00b11.7\u2005h, respectively). However, in accordance with the differential serotypic PSAE observed in humans, postsymptom antitoxin treatment was fully effective only in BoNT\/A-intoxicated rabbits. This serotypic divergence was reflected by a positive and statistically significant correlation between TTS and TTD in BoNT\/A-intoxicated rabbits (r=0.91, P=0.0006), but not in those intoxicated with BoNT\/B (r=0.06, P=0.88). The rabbit spirometry system might be useful in the evaluation toolkit of botulism therapeutics, including those under development and intended to act when antitoxin is no longer effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.035089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T10:55:48Z","timestamp":1534416948000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Studying the differential efficacy of postsymptom antitoxin treatment in type A versus type B botulism using a rabbit spirometry model"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Amram","family":"Torgeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arieh","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eran","family":"Diamant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzadok","family":"Baruchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Dor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Ben David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Pass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Barnea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnon","family":"Tal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Veterinary Center for Pre-clinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research 2 , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osnat","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3249-4901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Zichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Institute for Biological Research 1 Department of Biotechnology , , Ness Ziona 7410001 , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024061303531833300_DMM035089C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1039\/9781849737913-00167","article-title":"Toxicity of botulinum neurotoxin by inhalation: implications in bioterrorism","volume-title":"Aerobiology: The Toxicology of Airborne Pathogens and Toxins","author":"Adler","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024061303531833300_DMM035089C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.8.1059","article-title":"Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management","volume":"285","author":"Arnon","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024061303531833300_DMM035089C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12645","article-title":"Botulinum protease-cleaved SNARE fragments induce cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells","volume":"129","author":"Arsenault","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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