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To establish the baseline, we studied the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) muscle in 15 terminal age (3-year-old) male affected dogs and 15 age\/sex-matched normal dogs. Affected dogs showed histological and anatomical hallmarks of dystrophy, including muscle inflammation and fibrosis, myofiber size variation and centralized myonuclei, as well as a significant reduction of muscle weight, muscle-to-body weight ratio and muscle cross-sectional area. To rigorously characterize the contractile properties of the ECU muscle, we developed a novel in situ assay. Twitch and tetanic force, contraction and relaxation rate, and resistance to eccentric contraction-induced force loss were significantly decreased in affected dogs. Intriguingly, the time-to-peak tension and half-relaxation time were significantly shortened in affected dogs. Contractile kinetics predicted an unforeseen slow-to-fast myofiber-type switch, which we confirmed at the protein and transcript level. Our study establishes a foundation for studying long-term and late-stage therapeutic interventions in dystrophic canines. The unexpected myofiber-type switch highlights the complexity of muscle remodeling in dystrophic large mammals.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.049006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T09:19:30Z","timestamp":1635326370000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle shows unexpected slow-to-fast fiber-type switch in Duchenne muscular dystrophy dogs"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6865-050X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chady H.","family":"Hakim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiao T.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. 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