{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:58:37Z","timestamp":1781931517950,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Sunn\u00e5sstiftelsen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a medically, psychologically and socially disabling condition. A large body of our knowledge on the basic mechanisms of SCI has been gathered in rodents. For preclinical validation of promising therapies, the use of animal models that are closer to humans has several advantages. This has promoted the more-intensive development of large-animal models for SCI during the past decade. We recently developed a multimodal SCI apparatus for large animals that generated biomechanically reproducible impacts in vivo. It is composed of a spring-load impactor and support systems for the spinal cord and the vertebral column. We now present the functional outcome of farm pigs and minipigs injured with different lesion strengths. There was a correlation between the biomechanical characteristics of the impact, the functional outcome and the tissue damage observed several weeks after injury. We also provide a detailed description of the procedure to generate such a SCI in both farm pigs and minipigs, in the hope to ease the adoption of the swine model by other research groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.049053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T08:08:42Z","timestamp":1626768522000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["How to generate graded spinal cord injuries in swine \u2013 tools and procedures"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9688-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Z\u00fcchner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2354-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel J.","family":"Escalona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department for Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2669-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena Hammerlund","family":"Teige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department for Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Balafas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Kostomitsopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7272-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Boulland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department for Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022032109135725300_DMM049053C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.01.006","article-title":"Free-D: an integrated environment for three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections","volume":"145","author":"Andrey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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