{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:48:49Z","timestamp":1787021329712,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000297","name":"Royal College of Surgeons of England","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000858","name":"University of Sheffield","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Little is known about the distal excretory component of the urinary tract in Danio rerio (zebrafish). This component is affected by many human diseases and disorders of development. Here, we have undertaken multi-level analyses to determine the structure and composition of the distal urinary tract in the zebrafish. In silico searches identified uroplakin 1a (ukp1a), uroplakin 2 (upk2) and uroplakin 3b (upk3b) genes in the zebrafish genome (orthologues to genes that encode urothelium-specific proteins in humans). In situ hybridization demonstrated ukp1a expression in the zebrafish pronephros and cloaca from 96\u2005h post-fertilization. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining of adult zebrafish demonstrated two mesonephric ducts uniting into a urinary bladder that leads to a distinct urethral opening. Immunohistochemistry identified Uroplakin 1a, Uroplakin 2 and GATA3 expression in zebrafish urinary bladder cell layers that match human urothelial expression. Fluorescent dye injections demonstrated zebrafish urinary bladder function, including urine storage and intermittent micturition, and a urethral orifice separate from the larger anal canal and rectum. Our findings reveal homology between the urinary tracts of zebrafish and humans, and offer the former as a model system to study disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.050110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T03:50:54Z","timestamp":1686282654000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of the distal urinary tract in larval and adult zebrafish reveals homology to the human system"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4558-2521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Jubber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield 1 Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism , , Sheffield S10 2RX , UK"},{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2 Department of Urology , , Sheffield S10 2JF , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan R.","family":"Morhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth 3 Department of Molecular and Systems Biology , , Hanover, NH 03755 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield 1 Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism , , Sheffield S10 2RX , UK"},{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 4 Department of Histopathology , , Sheffield S10 2JF , UK"},{"name":"Healthy Lifespan and Neuroscience Institute 5 , Department of Biosciences , , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK"},{"name":"University of Sheffield 5 , Department of Biosciences , , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus G.","family":"Cumberbatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield 1 Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism , , Sheffield S10 2RX , UK"},{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2 Department of Urology , , Sheffield S10 2JF , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield 6 The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease , , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth 3 Department of Molecular and Systems Biology , , Hanover, NH 03755 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishtiaq","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield 1 Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism , , Sheffield S10 2RX , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Loynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield 6 The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease , , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed A.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield 1 Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism , , Sheffield S10 2RX , UK"},{"name":"Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 7 Department of Medical Oncology , , Sheffield S10 2SJ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1790-1641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Renshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield 6 The Bateson Centre and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease , , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth 3 Department of Molecular and Systems Biology , , Hanover, NH 03755 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7483-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent T.","family":"Cunliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank 8 , Sheffield S10 2TN , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2787-8828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W. F.","family":"Catto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield 1 Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism , , Sheffield S10 2RX , UK"},{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2 Department of Urology , , Sheffield S10 2JF , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071908214792800_DMM050110C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5","article-title":"QuPath: Open source software for digital pathology image analysis","volume":"7","author":"Bankhead","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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