{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:04:35Z","timestamp":1772168675820,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101550\/Z\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101550\/Z\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015226","name":"Royal Veterinary College","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Animal models with a clinically relevant phenotype remain important for robust evaluation of novel therapeutics for the fatal X-linked genetic disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Demonstration of functional improvement is crucial for both patients and regulatory authorities. Here, we investigate non-invasive methods to quantify activity changes in DE50-MD dogs. Using collar-based Axivity-AX3 tri-axial accelerometers, we measured activity in affected DE50-MD male dogs (3-8 per age point) and littermate wild-type (WT) male controls (3-13 per age point) at monthly intervals from 3 to 18\u2005months of age. Acceleration vector magnitudes were used to derive a series of activity measures over 24\u2005h. Mixed model analyses were used to examine differences between affected and WT groups at different ages. Activity indicators for DE50-MD dogs were significantly higher for percent time spent at rest (P&amp;lt;0.001) and significantly lower for all other activity indicators (all P&amp;lt;0.05), when compared to age-matched WT dogs. Relatively few animals would be required to detect treatment effects with adequate power using these unbiassed, selected and composite activity measures. Our approach reveals opportunities for cross-model standardisation of activity monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.052135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T04:37:19Z","timestamp":1749011839000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-term, age-associated activity quantification in the DE50-MD dog model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6697-8321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Karimjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College 1 Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services , , London NW1 0TU ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Royal Veterinary College 2 Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences , , Hatfield AL9 7TA ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel C. M.","family":"River","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College 1 Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services , , London NW1 0TU ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5809-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College 1 Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services , , London NW1 0TU ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Mei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College 3 Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences , , London NW1 0TU ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominic J.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College 1 Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services , , London NW1 0TU ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8584-2052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica A.","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrative Movement Sciences, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California 4 , Irvine, CA 92697 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4344-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J.","family":"Piercy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College 1 Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services , , London NW1 0TU ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072106064743100_DMM052135C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2016.09.024","article-title":"Use of the six-minute walk test to characterize golden retriever muscular dystrophy","volume":"26","author":"Acosta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. 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Disord."},{"key":"2025072106064743100_DMM052135C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002891","article-title":"DMD genotypes and loss of ambulation in the CINRG Duchenne Natural History Study","volume":"87","author":"Bello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025072106064743100_DMM052135C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880040304","article-title":"Clinical trial in Duchenne dystrophy. I. The design of the protocol","volume":"4","author":"Brooke","year":"1981","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2025072106064743100_DMM052135C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.4.1189","article-title":"X chromosome-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) in the mouse","volume":"81","author":"Bulfield","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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