{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:52:39Z","timestamp":1790034759687,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI155922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI155922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 AI170504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI170504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["S10OD030263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD030263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000832","name":"Dowager Countess Eleanor Peel Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000832","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000873","name":"Queen's University Belfast","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Novel treatment strategies are urgently needed to combat Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease (PD). Animal models are important for screening therapeutic strategies, but their ability to reproduce human-like immunopathology and impaired respiratory function is poorly characterised. We modelled chronic lung infection in BALB\/c mice over 20\u2005weeks with three isolates of MAC (MAC101, MAC104 and MAC2285R) to compare bacterial growth, histological injury, immune cellular dynamics and respiratory function. We found that MAC101 caused a proliferative infection over 20\u2005weeks, associated with a strong adaptive response, progressive granulomatous inflammation and increasing respiratory effort. For MAC104, lung bacterial burden rose initially but fell after week 12, accompanied by increased regulatory T-cell response and stabilisation of pathological and respiratory changes. By contrast, MAC2285R caused a low-virulence, non-proliferative infection associated with a strong myeloid cell response, modest histopathological change and increased respiratory effort. Immune cell dynamics in chronic murine MAC-PD correlate with bacterial burden and pathology and are strongly MAC-isolate dependent. These findings provide a spectrum of quantifiable and clinically relevant disease outcomes to facilitate the preclinical screening of novel antimicrobial and host-directed therapies for MAC-PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.052671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T10:14:53Z","timestamp":1768472093000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immunopathological outcomes are isolate dependent in chronic\n                    <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n                    complex pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0813-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast 1 , Belfast BT9 7BL ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Mycobacteria Research Laboratories 2 , 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,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University 2 , Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology , , Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Maloney Norcross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Advancement and Commercialization, RTI International 3 , Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Meibohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , , Memphis, TN 38163 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria Research Laboratories 2 , Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology , , Fort Collins, 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