{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:18:16Z","timestamp":1790968696920,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Protein phosphatase 4 (PPP4) is a ubiquitous essential protein serine\/threonine phosphatase found in higher eukaryotes. Coordinate variation of the levels of the catalytic subunit (PPP4c) and the regulatory subunit (R2)suggests that PPP4c and R2 form a heterodimeric core to which other regulatory subunits bind. Two proteins that specifically co-purify with Flag-epitope-tagged R2 expressed in HEK-293 cells were identified as Gemin3 and Gemin4. These two proteins have been identified previously as components of the Survival of Motor Neurons (SMN) protein complex, which is functionally defective in the hereditary disorder spinal muscular atrophy. Immuno-sedimentation of the epitope-tagged SMN protein complex from HeLa cells expressing CFP-SMN showed that the SMN protein interacts, as previously reported, with Gemin2 (SIP1), Gemin3 and Gemin4 and in addition associates with PPP4c. The SMN complex has been implicated in the assembly and maturation of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Expression of GFP-R2\u2013PPP4c in HeLa cells enhances the temporal localisation of newly formed snRNPs, which is consistent with an association of R2-PPP4c with the SMN protein complex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,11]],"date-time":"2003-04-11T22:09:13Z","timestamp":1050098953000},"page":"1905-1913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Protein phosphatase 4 interacts with the Survival of Motor Neurons complex and enhances the temporal localisation of snRNPs"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Graeme K.","family":"Carnegie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Division of Cell Signalling, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith E.","family":"Sleeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences,University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Morrice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Division of Cell Signalling, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. James","family":"Hastie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Division of Cell Signalling, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Peggie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Division of Cell Signalling, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Philp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angus I.","family":"Lamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences,University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia T. W.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Division of Cell Signalling, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brewis, N. D. and Cohen, P. T. W. (1992). Protein phosphatase X has been highly conserved during mammalian evolution. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1171,231-233.","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(92)90129-N"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brewis, N. D., Street, A. J., Prescott, A. R. and Cohen, P. T. W. (1993). PPX, a novel protein serine\/threonine phosphatase localized to centrosomes. EMBO J.12,987-996.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05739.x"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bu\u0308hler, D., Raker, V., Lu\u0308hrmann, R. and Fischer,U. (1999). Essential role for the tudor domain of SMN in spliceosomal U snRNP assembly: implications for spinal muscular atrophy. Hum. Mol. Genet.8,2351-2357.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.13.2351"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell, L., Hunter, K. M. D., Mohaghegh, P., Tinsley, J. M.,Brasch, M. A. and Davies, K. E. (2000). Direct interaction of Smn with dp103, a putative RNA helicase: a role for Smn in transcription regulation? Hum. Mol. Genet.9,1093-1100.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.7.1093"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, T., Almeida, F., Calapez, A., Lafarga, M., Berciano,M. T. and Carmo-Fonseca, M. (1999). The spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product, SMN: a link between snRNP biogenesis and the Cajal (coiled) body. J. Cell Biol.147,715-727.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.147.4.715"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charroux, B., Pellizzoni, L., Perkinson, R. A., Shevchenko, A.,Mann, M. and Dreyfuss, G. (1999). Gemin3: a novel DEAD box protein that interacts with SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy gene product, and is a component of gems. J. Cell Biol.147,1181-1193.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.147.6.1181"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charroux, B., Pellizzoni, L., Perkinson, R. A., Yong, J.,Shevchenko, A., Mann, M. and Dreyfuss, G. (2000). Gemin4: a novel component of the SMN complex that is found in both gems and nucleoli. J. Cell Biol.148,1177-1186.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.148.6.1177"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, P. T. W. (1997). Novel protein serine\/threonine phosphatases: variety is the spice of life. Trends Biochem. Sci.22,245-251.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(97)01060-8"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, P. T. W. (2002). Protein phosphatase 1-targeted in many directions. J. Cell Sci.115,241-256.","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.2.241"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischer, U., Liu, Q. and Dreyfuss, G. (1997). The SMN-SIP-1 complex has an essential role in spliceosomal snRNP biogenesis. Cell90,1023-1029.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80368-2"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischer, U., Sumpter, V., Sekine, M., Satoh, T. and Lu\u0308hrmann, R. (1993). Nulceocytoplasmic transport of U snRNPs: definition of a nuclear location signal in the Sm core domain that binds a transport receptor independently of the m3G cap. EMBO J.12,573-583.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05689.x"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friesen, W. J., Massenet, S., Paushkin, S., Wyce, A. and Dreyfuss, G. (2001). SMN, the product of the spinal muscular atrophy gene, binds preferentially to dimethylarginine-containing protein targets. Mol. Cell7,1111-1117.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00244-1"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gall, J. G. (2000). Cajal bodies: the first 100 years. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol.16,273-300.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.16.1.273"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gall, J. G., Bellini, M., Wu, Z. and Murphy, C.(1999). Assembly of the nuclear transcription and processing machinery: Cajal bodies (coiled bodies and transcriptosomes. Mol. Biol. Cell10,4385-4402.","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.10.12.4385"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grundhoff, A. T., Kremmer, E., Tu\u0308reci, O\u0308., Glieden,A., Gindorf, C., Atz, J., Meuller-Lantzsch, N., Schubach, W. H. and Gra\u0308sser, F. A. (1999). Characterisation of DP103, a novel DEAD box protein that binds to the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear proteins EBNA2 and EBNA3C. J. Biol. Chem.274,19136-19144.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.27.19136"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamm, J., Darzynkiewicz, E., Tahara, S. M. and Mattaj, I. W.(1990). The trimethylguanosine cap structure of U1 snRNA is a component of a bipartite nuclear targeting signal. Cell62,569-577.","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90021-6"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF17","unstructured":"Harlow, E. and Lane, D. (1988). Antibodies: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor,NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory."},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hastie, C. J., Carnegie, G. K., Morrice, N. and Cohen, P. T. W. (2000). A novel 50 kDa protein forms complexes with protein phosphatase 4 and is located at cntrosomal microtubule organizing centres. Biochem. J.347,845-855.","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3470845"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helps, N. R., Brewis, N. D., Lineruth, K., Davis, T., Kaiser, K. and Cohen, P. T. W. (1998). Protein phosphatase 4 is an essential enzyme required for organisation of microtubules at centrosomes in Drosophila embryos. J. Cell Sci.111,1331-1340.","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.111.10.1331"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janssens, V. and Goris, J. (2001). Protein phosphatase 2A: a highly regulated family of serine\/threonine phosphatases implicated in cell growth and signalling. Biochem. J.353,417-439.","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3530417"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, O. N., Shevchenko, A. and Mann, M.(1997). Protein analysis by mass spectrometry. In Protein Structure, A Practical Approach (ed. T. E. Creighton), pp. 29-57. Oxford: IRL Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199636198.003.0002"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kloeker, S., Bryant, J. C., Strack, S., Colbran, R. J. and Wadzinski, B. E. (1997). Carboxymethylation of nuclear protein serine\/threonine phosphatase X. Biochem. J.327,481-486.","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3270481"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kloeker, S. and Wadzinski, B. E. (1999). Purification and identification of a novel subunit of protein serine\/threonine phosphatase 4. J. Biol. Chem.274,5339-5347.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.9.5339"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linder, P. (2000). DEAD-box proteins. Curr. Biol.10,R887.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00857-5"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q. and Dreyfuss, G. (1996). A novel nuclear structure containing the survival of motor neurons protein. EMBO J.15,3555-3565.","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00725.x"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Fischer, U., Wang, F. and Dreyfuss, G.(1997). The spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product, SMN,and its associated protein SIP1 are in a complex with spliceosomal snRNPs. Cell90,1013-1021.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80367-0"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu\u0308hrmann, R., Kastner, B. and Bach, M.(1990). Structure of spliceosomal snRNPs and their role in pre-mRNA splicing. Biochem. Biophys. Acta1087,265-292.","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(90)90001-I"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luke, M. M., Della Seta, F., di Como, C. J., Sugimoto, H.,Kobayashi, R. and Arndt, K. T. (1996). The SAPs, a new family of proteins, associate and function positively with the SIT4 phosphatase. Mol. Cell. Biol.16,2744-2755.","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.6.2744"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matera, A. G. (1999). Nuclear bodies:multifaceted subdomains of the interchromatin space. Trends Cell Biol.9,302-309.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(99)01606-2"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattaj, I. W. (1986). Cap trimethylation of snRNP is cytoplasmic and dependent on U snRNP protein binding. Cell46,905-911.","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90072-3"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meister, G., Bu\u0308hler, D., Laggerbauer, B., Zobawa, M.,Lottspeich, F. and Fischer, U. (2000). Characterization of a nuclear 20S complex containing the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein and a specific subset of spliceosomal Sm proteins. Hum. Mol. Genet.9,1977-1986.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.13.1977"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meister, G., Eggert, C., Buhler, D., Brahms, H., Kambach, C. and Fischer, U. (2001). Methylation of Sm proteins by a complex containing PRMT5 and the putative U snRNP assembly factor pICln. Curr. Biol.11,1990-1994.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00592-9"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melki, J. (1997). Spinal muscular atrophy. Curr. Opin. Neurol.10,381-385.","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199710000-00005"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF34","unstructured":"Nagai, K. and Mattaj, I. W. (1994). RNA-protein interactions in the splicing snRNPs. In RNA-Protein Interactions (eds K. Nagai and I.W.Mattaj), pp.150-177. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearn, J. (1978). Incidence, prevalence and gene frequency studies of chronic childhood spinal muscular atrophy. J. Med Genet.15,409-413.","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.15.6.409"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellizzoni, L., Kataoka, N., Charroux, B. and Dreyfuss, G.(1998). A novel function for SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product, in pre-mRNA splicing. Cell95,615-624.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81632-3"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellizzoni, L., Baccon, J., Charroux, B. and Dreyfuss, G.(2001a). The survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein interact with the snoRNP proteins fibrillarin and GAR1. Curr. Biol.11,1079-1088.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00316-5"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellizzoni, L., Charroux, B., Rappsilber, J., Mann, M. and Dreyfuss, G. (2001b). A functional interaction between the survival motor neuron complex and RNA polymerase II. J. Cell Biol.152,75-85.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.152.1.75"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossoll, W., Kro\u0308ning, A.-K., Ohndorf, U.-M., Steegborn, C.,Jablonka, S. and Sendtner, M. (2002). Specific interaction of Smn, the spinal muscular atrophy determining gene product, with hnRNP-R and gry-rbp\/hnRNP-Q: a role for Smn in RNA processing in motor axons?Hum. Mol. Genet.11,93-105.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.1.93"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sleeman, J. E. and Lamond, A. I. (1999). Newly assembled snRNPs associate with coiled bodies before speckles, suggesting a nuclear snRNP maturation pathway. Curr. Biol.9,1065-1074.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80475-8"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sleeman, J. E., Ajuh, P. and Lamond, A. I.(2001). snRNP protein expression enhances the formation of Cajal bodies containing p80-coilin and SMN. J. Cell Sci.114,4407-4419.","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.24.4407"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sleeman, J. E., Trinkle-Mulcahy, L., Prescott, A. R., Ogg, S. C. and Lamond, A. I. (2003). Cajal body proteins SMN and Coilin show differential dynamic behaviour in vivo. J. Cell Sci. (in press).","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00400"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strasswimmer, J., Lorson, C. L., Breiding, D. E., Chen, J. J.,Le, T., Burghes, A. H. M. and Androphy, E. J. (1999). Identification of survival motor neuron as a transcriptional activator-binding protein. Hum. Mol. Genet.8,1219-1226.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.7.1219"},{"key":"2022100510004945600_REF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sumiyoshi, E., Sugimoto, A. and Yamamoto, M.(2002). Protein phosphatase 4 is required for centrosome maturation in mitosis and sperm meiosis in C. elegans.J. Cell Sci.115,1403-1410.","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.7.1403"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.260640","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"record-id":"39449"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cell Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jcs\/article-pdf\/116\/10\/1905\/2172872\/1905.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jcs\/article-pdf\/116\/10\/1905\/2172872\/1905.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T14:28:37Z","timestamp":1704810517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jcs\/article\/116\/10\/1905\/27213\/Protein-phosphatase-4-interacts-with-the-Survival"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,15]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.00409","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9137","0021-9533"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9137","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0021-9533","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,15]]}}}