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Transendothelial ion permeability was measured with electrical cell impedance sensing, macromolecule permeability with fluorescence-labeled dextran and apical cell membrane surface by three-dimensional AFM imaging. Cell stiffness was measured using the AFM scanning tip as a mechanical nanosensor. We found that aldosterone increased both apical cell surface and apical cell stiffness significantly, while transendothelial permeability remained unaffected. By contrast, dexamethasone significantly decreased ion and macromolecule permeability, while apical cell surface and cell stiffness did not change. Specific receptor antagonists for dexamethasone (RU486) and aldosterone (spironolactone) prevented the observed responses. We conclude that glucocorticoids strengthen cell-to-cell contacts (`peripheral action'), whereas mineralocorticoids enlarge and stiffen cells (`central action'). This could explain the dexamethasone-mediated retention of fluid in the vascular system, and endothelial dysfunction in states of hyperaldosteronism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,24]],"date-time":"2006-04-24T16:29:27Z","timestamp":1145896167000},"page":"1926-1932","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Differential action of steroid hormones on human endothelium"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Hans","family":"Oberleithner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology II, University Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Riethmu\u0308ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology II, University Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology II, University Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Shahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology II, University Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology II, University Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albrecht","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology II, University Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hausberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine D, University Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Kusche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoophysiology, University Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Schillers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology II, University Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042519562102300_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Awqati, Q. and Schwartz, G. 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