{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:37:25Z","timestamp":1772793445275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]],"date-time":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":788918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Homeoproteins encoded by genes of the Hox family are nuclear proteins believed to act as transcription factors and to participate in the determination of the body plan. Here we show that in several vertebrate cells, they exhibit a sub-nuclear localisation associated with the nucleolus.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>We used monoclonal antibodies to study the distribution of three homeoproteins, namely HOXB7, HOXC6 and HOXD4. The immunoreactivity to antibodies against HOXC6 protein in Xenopus laevis embryonic tissues is restricted to one or two spots within the nucleus; this dis-tribution partially overlaps that of fibrillarin, a protein of the fibrillar zone of the nucleoli. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of the distribution of HOXB7 protein in 3T3 cells, and of HOXD4 protein in human neuroblastoma and Raji lymphoma cell lines and activated lymphocytes, results invariably in a nucleolar localisation. Purified nucleoli from stimulated T lymphocytes, and Raji cells contain an activity capable of binding, in a gel retardation assay, to an oligonucleotide specifically recognised by the HOXD4 homeoprotein. This activity is specifically removed by anti-HOXD4 antibodies and is found associated in southwestern blots with a single band with an apparent Mr of 30,000, corresponding to that of recombinant HOXD4. The functional significance of the nucleolar localisation of Hox proteins remains to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.1.187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T02:37:45Z","timestamp":1619231865000},"page":"187-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Nucleolar localisation of three Hox homeoproteins"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Corsetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Advanced Biotechnology Center, C.B.A., IST, Viale Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Advanced Biotechnology Center, C.B.A., IST, Viale Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"2 Laboratoire du Biologie Moleculaire du Developpement, Ecole Normale Superieure, 46 rue d\u2019Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Lancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Advanced Biotechnology Center, C.B.A., IST, Viale Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Sanseverino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Advanced Biotechnology Center, C.B.A., IST, Viale Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"University Medical School, Genova 5 Istituto Chimica Biologica , , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvano","family":"Ferrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Advanced Biotechnology Center, C.B.A., IST, Viale Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Boncinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 DIBIT, Istituto Scientifico H. S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"4 Centro Infrastrutture Cellulari, CNR, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Corte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Advanced Biotechnology Center, C.B.A., IST, Viale Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"University Medical School, Genova 5 Istituto Chimica Biologica , , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023122400533815300_JOCES_108_1_187C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90909-4","article-title":"Hox and HOM: Homologous gene clusters in insects and vertebrates","volume":"57","author":"Akam","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023122400533815300_JOCES_108_1_187C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.25.1.103","article-title":"The nucleolar cycle in man","volume":"25","author":"Anastassova-Kristeva","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci"},{"key":"2023122400533815300_JOCES_108_1_187C3","first-page":"1287","article-title":"Localization of specific rDNA spacer sequences to the mouse L-cell nucleolar matrix","volume":"5","author":"Bolla","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol"},{"key":"2023122400533815300_JOCES_108_1_187C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136802","article-title":"Organisation of the human homeobox genes","volume":"3","author":"Boncinelli","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod"},{"key":"2023122400533815300_JOCES_108_1_187C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(67)12062-4","article-title":"Isolation and purification of nucleoli","volume":"12A","author":"Busch","year":"1967","journal-title":"Meth. 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