{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:32:02Z","timestamp":1790854322931,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]],"date-time":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":788918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a primary muscle disease that manifests itself in young boys as a result of a defect in a gene located on the X-chromosome. This gene codes for dystrophin, a normal muscle protein that is located beneath the sarcolemma of muscle fibres. Therapies to alleviate this disease have centred on implanting normal muscle precursor cells into dystrophic fibres to compensate for the lack of this gene and its product. To date, donor cells for implantation in such therapy have been of myogenic origin, derived from paternal biopsies. Success in human muscle, however, has been limited and may reflect immune rejection problems. To overcome this problem the patient\u2019s own myogenic cells, with the dystrophin gene inserted, could be used, but this could lead to other problems, since these cells are those that are functionally compromised by the disease. Here, we report the presence of high numbers of dystrophin-positive fibres after implanting dermal fibroblasts from normal mice into the muscle of the mdx mouse -the genetic homologue of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin-positive fibres were also abundant in mdx muscle following the implantation of cloned dermal fibroblasts from the normal mouse. Our results suggest the in vivo conversion of these non-myogenic cells to the myogenic pathway resulting in the formation of dystrophin-positive muscle fibres in the deficient host. The use of dermal fibroblasts may provide an alternative approach to the previously attempted myoblast transfer therapy, which in human trials has yielded disappointing results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.1.207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T02:41:10Z","timestamp":1619232070000},"page":"207-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Dermal fibroblasts convert to a myogenic lineage in mdx mouse muscle"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Anatomy, Charing Cross & Westminster Medical School, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Karasinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Anatomy, Charing Cross & Westminster Medical School, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK"},{"name":"Jagiellonian University, Krakow 3 Department of Cytology & Histology, Institute of Zoology , , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Relvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Anatomy, Charing Cross & Westminster Medical School, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross & Westminster Medical School, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim G.","family":"Sherratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Paediatrics & Neonatal Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Paediatrics & Neonatal Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana J.","family":"Watt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Anatomy, Charing Cross & Westminster Medical School, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092190305","article-title":"Electron microscopic and autoradiographic characterization of hindlimb muscle regeneration in the mdx mouse","volume":"219","author":"Anderson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anat. Rec"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5173","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.13.5173","article-title":"Phenotypic correction of factor IX deficiency in skin fibroblasts of haemophilic dogs Proc","volume":"87","author":"Axelrod","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2414846","article-title":"Plasticity of the differentiated state","volume":"230","author":"Blau","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.4.1189","article-title":"X-chromosome-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) in the mouse","volume":"81","author":"Bulfield","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/341445a0","article-title":"Restoration of normal function in genetically defective myotubes by spontaneous fusion with fibroblasts","volume":"341","author":"Chaudhari","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/333858a0","article-title":"Transcription of the dystrophin gene in human muscle and non-muscle tissues","volume":"333","author":"Chelly","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7988","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.20.7988","article-title":"MyoD converts primary dermal fibroblasts, chondroblasts, smooth muscle and retinal pigmented epithelial cells into striated mononucleated myoblasts and multinucleated myotubes","volume":"87","author":"Choi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C8","first-page":"395","volume":"114","author":"Clerk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Characterisation of dystrophin during development of human skeletal muscle Development"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/267364a0","article-title":"Functional striated muscle cells from non-myoblast precursors following 5-azacytidine treatment","volume":"267","author":"Constantinides","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(78)90273-7","article-title":"Phenotypic conversion of cultured mouse embryo cells by aza-pyrimidine nucleosides","volume":"66","author":"Constantindes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Dev. Biol"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1988.tb00866.x","article-title":"The mdx mouse skeletal muscle myopathy: I. A histological, morphometric and biochemical investigation","volume":"14","author":"Coulton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuropath. Appl. Neurobiol"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(89)90072-X","article-title":"Rescue of excitation-contraction coupling in dysgenic muscle by addition of fibroblasts in vitro","volume":"2","author":"Courbin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199207000-00025","article-title":"The frequency of revertants in mdx mouse genetic models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"32","author":"Danko","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3497452","article-title":"Clonal gene therapy: Transplanted mouse fibroblast clones express human a1-antotryspin gene in vivo","volume":"237","author":"Garver","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(72)90040-1","article-title":"Clonal origin of somites and their muscle derivatives; evidence from allophenic mice","volume":"29","author":"Gearhart","year":"1972","journal-title":"Dev. 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Sci"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1382","article-title":"Expression of the dystrophin gene in cultured fibroblasts","volume":"192","author":"Hugnot","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00284655","article-title":"A cell surface abnormality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Intercellular adhesiveness of skin fibroblasts from patients and carriers","volume":"63","author":"Jones","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.97.4.659","article-title":"Segregation of the myogenic cell lineage in mouse muscle development","volume":"97","author":"Jones","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C22","first-page":"101","article-title":"Myoblast transfer in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume-title":"In Muscular Dystrophy Research: From Molecular Diagnosis Towards Therapy","author":"Karpati","year":"1991"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.10.3086","article-title":"Increased rate of cell-substratum detachment of fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"80","author":"Kent","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.111.6.2437","article-title":"Normal myogenic cells from newborn mice restore normal histology to degenerating muscles of the mdx mouse","volume":"111","author":"Morgan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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J"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C32","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Exon skipping and translation in patients with frameshift deletions in the dystrophin gene","volume":"53","author":"Sherratt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C33","volume-title":"Effects of 3\u2032 hot-spot deletions on dystrophin expression in skeletal muscle. Ph.D. thesis","author":"Sherratt","year":"1994"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C34","first-page":"91","article-title":"Intermediate filaments: Structure, assembly and molecular interactions Curr. Opin","volume":"2","author":"Stewart","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.9.3150","article-title":"An alternative approach to somatic cell gene therapy Proc","volume":"85","author":"St Louis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/336134a0","article-title":"Restoration of excitation-contraction coupling and slow calcium current in dysgenic muscle by dihydropyridine receptor complementary DNA","volume":"336","author":"Tanabe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(79)90317-9","article-title":"Multiple new phenotypes induced in 10T1\/2 and 3T3 cells treated with 5-azacytidine","volume":"17","author":"Taylor","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041110210","article-title":"Changes in phenotype expression in embryonic and adult cells treated with 5-azacytidine","volume":"111","author":"Taylor","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880140108","article-title":"X-irradiation improves mdx mouse muscle as a model of myofiber loss in DMD","volume":"14","author":"Wakeford","year":"1991","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve"},{"key":"2023122400540436700_JOCES_108_1_207C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(82)90038-7","article-title":"Incorporation of donor muscle precursor cells into an area of muscle regeneration in the host mouse","volume":"57","author":"Watt","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurol. 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USA"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cell Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jcs\/article-pdf\/108\/1\/207\/3324029\/joces_108_1_207.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jcs\/article-pdf\/108\/1\/207\/3324029\/joces_108_1_207.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T00:54:11Z","timestamp":1703379251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/jcs\/article\/108\/1\/207\/24326\/Dermal-fibroblasts-convert-to-a-myogenic-lineage"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.108.1.207","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9533","1477-9137"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9533","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9137","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]]}}}