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We previously demonstrated that levels of five unidentified polypeptides were specifically increased in neurons from embryonic chicken ciliary ganglia undergoing apoptosis by trophic deprivation. Here we show by microsequencing of two of these polypeptides that they are fragments of actin. One of them represents cleavage of actin at the site of interaction with DNase I. The same actin fragments are also found at early stages of apoptosis in chicken and rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, chicken spinal motoneurons and rat thymocytes. Actin fragmentation may play a role in the apoptotic process, since calpain inhibitors I and II both inhibit neuronal death and suppress actin fragmentation. In contrast, caspase (ICE family) inhibitors, though effective in delaying neuronal death, do not prevent actin cleavage or DNA fragmentation. These results indicate a key role for calpain-like proteases in neuronal programmed cell death and suggest that actin fragmentation in the cell is correlated with subsequent DNA fragmentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.111.6.713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T17:08:40Z","timestamp":1619370520000},"page":"713-722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Calpain inhibitors, but not caspase inhibitors, prevent actin proteolysis and DNA fragmentation during apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Pascal G.","family":"Villa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e) 1 INSERM U.382, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (CNRS, INSERM , , Campus de Luminy, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Henzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Genentech, Inc., Protein Chemistry Department, 460 Point San Bruno Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Sensenbrenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 ER 588 CNRS, 5, rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e) 1 INSERM U.382, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (CNRS, INSERM , , Campus de Luminy, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Pettmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e) 1 INSERM U.382, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (CNRS, INSERM , , Campus de Luminy, Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024010622445545800_JOCES_111_6_713C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90230-N","article-title":"The proto-oncogene bcl-2 can selectively rescue neurotrophic factor-dependent neurons from apoptosis","volume":"73","author":"Allsopp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024010622445545800_JOCES_111_6_713C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81334-3","article-title":"Human ICE\/CED- 3 protease nomenclature","volume":"87","author":"Alnemri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024010622445545800_JOCES_111_6_713C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.111.1.221","article-title":"Survival in vitro of motoneurons identified or purified by novel antibody-based methods is selectively enhanced by muscle-derived factors","volume":"111","author":"Bloch-Gallego","year":"1991","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2024010622445545800_JOCES_111_6_713C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5179","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00202.x","article-title":"Microfilament reorganization during apoptosis: the role of Gas2, a possible substrate for ICE-like proteases","volume":"14","author":"Brancolini","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2024010622445545800_JOCES_111_6_713C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3230233","article-title":"Actin is cleaved during constitutive apoptosis","volume":"323","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. 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