{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T13:42:52Z","timestamp":1791034972109,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The actin-related protein (Arp) 2\/3 complex is an essential regulator of de novo actin filament formation. Arp2\/3 nucleates the polymerization of actin and creates branched actin filaments when activated by Arp2\/3-complex activating domain (VCA) of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins (WASP family proteins). We found that the branching of actin filaments on pre-existing ADP filaments mediated by the Arp2\/3 complex is twice as efficient when Arp2\/3 was activated by wild-type neural WASP (N-WASP) or WASP-family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) 2 than when activated by the VCA domain alone. By contrast, there was no difference between wild-type N-WASP or WAVE2 and VCA in the branching efficiency on de novo filaments, which are thought to consist mainly of ADP-phosphate filaments. This increased branching efficiency on ADP filaments is due to the basic region located in the center of N-WASP and WAVE2, which was found to associate with ADP actin filaments. Actin filaments and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) associate with N-WASP at different sites. This association of N-WASP and WAVE2 with actin filaments enhanced recruitment of Arp2\/3 to the pre-existing filaments, presumably leading to efficient nucleation and branch formation on pre-existing filaments. These data together suggest that the actin filament binding activity of N-WASP and WAVE2 in the basic region increases the number of barbed ends created on pre-existing filaments. Efficient branching on ADP filaments may be important for initiation of actin-based motility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.24.4533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:34:21Z","timestamp":1619397261000},"page":"4533-4542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Enhancement of branching efficiency by the actin filament-binding activity of N-WASP\/WAVE2"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Shiro","family":"Suetsugu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo and"},{"name":"CREST, JST, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Miki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo and"},{"name":"CREST, JST, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Obinata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadaomi","family":"Takenawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo and"},{"name":"CREST, JST, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042600090138700_AMANN-AND-POLLARD-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amann, K. 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