{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:00:01Z","timestamp":1790802001573,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss National Fondation","award":["FN3100A0-116722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FN3100A0-116722"]}]},{"name":"Japanese-Swiss Science and Technology Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007636","name":"Fondation Ernst et Lucie Schmidheiny","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Rhoptries are club-shaped, regulated secretory organelles that cluster at the apical pole of apicomplexan parasites. Their discharge is essential for invasion and the establishment of an intracellular lifestyle. Little is known about rhoptry biogenesis and recycling during parasite division. In Toxoplasma gondii, positioning of rhoptries involves the armadillo repeats only protein (ARO) and myosin F (MyoF). Here, we show that two ARO partners, ARO-interacting protein (AIP) and adenylate cyclase \u03b2 (AC\u03b2) localize to a rhoptry subcompartment. In absence of AIP, AC\u03b2 disappears from the rhoptries. By assessing the contribution of each ARO armadillo (ARM) repeat, we provide evidence that ARO is multifunctional, participating not only in positioning but also in clustering of rhoptries. Structural analyses show that ARO resembles the myosin-binding domain of the Caenorhabditis elegans myosin chaperone UNC-45. A conserved patch of aromatic and acidic residues denotes the putative MyoF-binding site, and the overall arrangement of the ARM repeats explains the dramatic consequences of deleting each of them. Finally, Plasmodium falciparum ARO functionally complements ARO depletion and interacts with the same partners, highlighting the conservation of rhoptry biogenesis in Apicomplexa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.177386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T12:02:46Z","timestamp":1452859366000},"page":"1031-1045","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Structural and functional dissection of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> armadillo repeats only protein"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CMU, University of Geneva 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , , 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4 , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atta","family":"Samoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oulu 2 Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , , P.O. Box 5400, Oulu 90014 , Finland"},{"name":"Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research 3 , Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607 , Germany"},{"name":"German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) 4 , Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Mehdi","family":"Hammoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMU, University of Geneva 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , , 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4 , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natacha","family":"Klages","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMU, University of Geneva 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , , 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4 , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha Pekka","family":"Kallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research 3 , Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607 , Germany"},{"name":"German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) 4 , Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607 , Germany"},{"name":"University of Bergen 5 Department of Biomedicine , , Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen 5009 , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inari","family":"Kursula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oulu 2 Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , , P.O. Box 5400, Oulu 90014 , Finland"},{"name":"Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research 3 , Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607 , Germany"},{"name":"German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) 4 , Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607 , Germany"},{"name":"University of Bergen 5 Department of Biomedicine , , Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen 5009 , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Soldati-Favre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMU, University of Geneva 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine , , 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4 , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2024061316024979000_JCS177386C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W529","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq399","article-title":"ConSurf 2010: calculating evolutionary conservation in sequence and structure of proteins and nucleic acids","volume":"38","author":"Ashkenazy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024061316024979000_JCS177386C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540400013937","article-title":"Adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"56","author":"Baker","year":"2004","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"2024061316024979000_JCS177386C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10037","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.181342398","article-title":"Electrostatics of nanosystems: application to microtubules and the ribosome","volume":"98","author":"Baker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. 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